Diagnosis of transverse lie by abdominal palpation using Leopold maneuvers

The four Leopold maneuvers systematically examine the fundus, sides of the uterus, presenting part at the symphysis pubis, and lower uterine segment to determine fetal presentation and the location of the back. The fetal head is hard, round, and moves independently of the trunk whereas the buttocks are soft and move with the trunk. The fetal back is a broad, smooth, firm, resistant surface, whereas the elbows, knees, hands, and feet are small irregularities and protrusions.