Major causes of dilated cardiomyopathy

• Ischemic heart disease
• Valve disease
• Congenital heart disease
• Tachycardia

Infectious diseases

• Viral
  • Adenovirus
  • Coxsackie virus
  • Cytomegalovirus
  • HIV
  • Influenza virus
  • Varicella
  • Hepatitis
  • Epstein-Barr
  • Echovirus
  • Parvovirus

• Bacterial

  • Streptococci-rheumatic fever
  • Typhoid fever
  • Diphtheria
  • Brucellosis
  • Psitticosis
  • Mycobacteria
  • Rickettsial
  • Leptospirosis
  • Syphilis
  • Lyme disease
  • Listeria

• Fungal

  • Histoplasmosis
  • Cryptococcosis

• Parasitic

  • Toxoplasmosis
  • Trypanosomiasis (Chagas disease)
  • Shistosomiasis
  • Trichinosis

• Hemochromatosis
• Amyloidosis

Medications

• Chemotherapeutic agents
  • Anthracyclines
  • Cyclophosphamide
  • Trastuzumab

• Antiretroviral drugs

  • Zidovudine
  • Didanosine
  • Zalcitabine

• Phenothiazines

• Chloroquine
• Hydroxychloroquine
• Immune checkpoint inhibitors

Toxins

• Ethanol
• Cocaine
• Amphetamines
• Cobalt
• Lead
• Lithium
• Mercury
• Carbon monoxide
• Beryllium

Electrolyte and renal abnormalities

• Hypocalcemia
• Hypophosphatemia
• Uremia

Nutritional deficiencies

• Thiamine
• Selenium
• Carnitine
• Niacin (pellagra)

• Sarcoidosis
• Dermatomyositis
• Scleroderma
• Rheumatoid arthritis
• Systemic lupus erythematosis
• Hypersensitivity myocarditis
• Giant cell arteritis
• Kawasaki disease

Endocrinologic disorders

• Thyroid hormone excess or deficiency
• Growth hormone excess or deficiency
• Diabetes mellitus
• Cushing syndrome
• Pheochromocytoma or other catecholamine excess

Genetic with or without neuromuscular disease

• Familial (and sporadic) genetic cardiomyopathies
• Duchenne muscular dystrophy
• Myotonic dystrophy
• Friedreich ataxia
• Arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy

Miscellaneous

• Peripartum cardiomyopathy
• Stress-induced cardiomyopathy
• High-output state
• Sleep apnea