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خرید پکیج
تعداد آیتم قابل مشاهده باقیمانده : 3 مورد
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Common causes of delirium and confusional states

Common causes of delirium and confusional states
Drugs and toxins
Prescription medications (eg, opioids, sedative-hypnotics, antipsychotics, lithium, skeletal muscle relaxers, polypharmacy)
Nonprescription medications (eg, antihistamines)
Drugs of abuse (eg, ethanol, heroin, hallucinogens, nonmedicinal use of prescription medications)
Withdrawal states (eg, ethanol, benzodiazepines)
Medication side effects (eg, hyperammonemia from valproic acid, confusion from quinolones, serotonin syndrome)
Poisons:
Atypical alcohols (ethylene glycol, methanol)
Inhaled toxins (carbon monoxide, cyanide, hydrogen sulfide)
Plant-derived (eg, Jimson weed, Salvia)
Infections
Sepsis
Systemic infections; fever-related delirium
Metabolic derangements
Electrolyte disturbance (elevated or depressed): sodium, calcium, magnesium, phosphate
Endocrine disturbance (depressed or increased): thyroid, parathyroid, pancreas, pituitary, adrenal
Hypercarbia
Hyperglycemia and hypoglycemia
Hyperosmolar and hypoosmolar states
Hypoxemia
Inborn errors of metabolism: porphyria, Wilson disease, etc
Nutritional: Wernicke encephalopathy, vitamin B12 deficiency, possibly folate and niacin deficiencies
Brain disorders
CNS infections: encephalitis, meningitis, brain or epidural abscess
Epileptic seizures, especially nonconvulsive status epilepticus*
Head injury*
Hypertensive encephalopathy
Psychiatric disorders*
Systemic organ failure
Cardiac failure
Hematologic: thrombocytosis, hypereosinophilia, leukemic blast cell crisis, polycythemia
Liver failure: acute, chronic
Pulmonary disease, including hypercarbia and hypoxemia
Renal failure: acute, chronic
Physical disorders
Burns
Electrocution
Hyperthermia
Hypothermia
Trauma: with systemic inflammatory response syndrome, head injury*, fat embolism
CNS: central nervous system.
* Disorders that, while not truly systemic or "medical," may produce the clinical picture of delirium or confusional state in all other aspects.
Graphic 59893 Version 5.0

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