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خرید پکیج
تعداد آیتم قابل مشاهده باقیمانده : 3 مورد
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Risk factors for ovarian cancer

Risk factors for ovarian cancer
  Relative risk Lifetime probability (%)[1]
General population 1.0 1.3[1]
BRCA1 gene mutation   35 to 46[2,3]
BRCA2 gene mutation   13 to 23[2,3]
Lynch syndrome (hereditary nonpolyposis colon cancer)   3 to 14[4,5]
Other gene mutations
BRIP1   5.8[6]
RAD51C   5.2[7]
RAD51D   12[7]
Family history of ovarian or fallopian tube cancer (with negative testing for a familial ovarian cancer syndrome) Uncertain[8]  
Infertility 2.67[9]  
Endometriosis (increase in risk of clear cell, endometrioid, or low-grade serous carcinomas) 2.04 to 3.05[10]  
Cigarette smoking (increase in risk of mucinous carcinoma) 2.1[11]  
Intrauterine device 0.68[12]  
Past use of oral contraceptives 0.73[13]  
Past breastfeeding (for >12 months) 0.72[14]  
Tubal ligation 0.69[15]  
Previous pregnancy 0.71[16]  
References:
  1. Cancer Stat Facts: Ovarian Cancer. National Cancer Institute. https://seer.cancer.gov/statfacts/html/ovary.html. Accessed February 11, 2019.
  2. Chen S, Parmigiani G. Meta-analysis of BRCA1 and BRCA2 penetrance. J Clin Oncol 2007; 25:1329.
  3. Kauff ND, Mitra N, Robson ME, et al. Risk of ovarian cancer in BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutation-negative hereditary breast cancer families. J Natl Cancer Inst 2005; 97:1382.
  4. Koornstra JJ, Mourits MJ, Sijmons RH, et al. Management of extracolonic tumours in patients with Lynch syndrome. Lancet Oncol 2009; 10:400.
  5. Barrow E, Robinson L, Alduaij W, et al. Cumulative lifetime incidence of extracolonic cancers in Lynch syndrome: A report of 121 families with proven mutations. Clin Genet 2009; 75:141.
  6. Ramus SJ, Song H, Dicks E, et al. Germline Mutations in the BRIP1, BARD1, PALB2, and NBN Genes in Women With Ovarian Cancer. J Natl Cancer Inst 2015; 107.
  7. Song H, Dicks E, Ramus SJ, et al. Contribution of Germline Mutations in the RAD51B, RAD51C, and RAD51D Genes to Ovarian Cancer in the Population. J Clin Oncol 2015; 33:2901.
  8. Lee JS, John EM, McGuire V, et al. Breast and ovarian cancer in relatives of cancer patients, with and without BRCA mutations. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2006; 15:359.
  9. Ness RB, Cramer DW, Goodman MT, et al. Infertility, fertility drugs, and ovarian cancer: A pooled analysis of case-control studies. Am J Epidemiol 2002; 155:217.
  10. Pearce CL, Templeman C, Rossing MA, et al. Association between endometriosis and risk of histological subtypes of ovarian cancer: A pooled analysis of case-control studies. Lancet Oncol 2012; 13:385.
  11. Jordan SJ, Whiteman DC, Purdie DM, et al. Does smoking increase risk of ovarian cancer? A systematic review. Gynecol Oncol 2006; 103:1122.
  12. Wheeler LJ, Desanto K, Teal SB, et al. Intrauterine device use and ovarian cancer risk: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Obstet Gynecol 2019; 134:791.
  13. Collaborative Group on Epidemiological Studies of Ovarian Cancer, Beral V, Doll R, et al. Ovarian cancer and oral contraceptives: Collaborative reanalysis of data from 45 epidemiological studies including 23,257 women with ovarian cancer and 87,303 controls. Lancet 2008; 371:303.
  14. Ip S, Chung M, Raman G, et al. A summary of the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality's evidence report on breastfeeding in developed countries. Breastfeed Med 2009; 4 Suppl 1:S17.
  15. Cibula D, Widschwendter M, Májek O, Dusek L. Tubal ligation and the risk of ovarian cancer: Review and meta-analysis. Hum Reprod Update 2011; 17:55.
  16. Tsilidis KK, Allen NE, Key TJ. Oral contraceptive use and reproductive factors and risk of ovarian cancer in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition. Br J Cancer 2011; 105:1436.
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