Classification of leishmaniasis

Subgenus	Complex	Species	Main geographic locations	Main clinical manifestation	Other
Old World
Leishmania	L. donovani	L. donovani	India, sub-Saharan Africa, China, Pakistan	Visceral leishmaniasis	Post kala-azar dermal leismaniasis
	L. donovani	L. infantum*	Mediterranean, Middle East, north and sub-Saharan Africa, Balkans, China	Visceral leishmaniasis
	L. major	L. major	Middle East, Africa, India, China	Cutaneous leishmaniasis ("wet ulcer")
	L. tropica	L. tropica	Middle East, India, southern Europe, western Asia	Cutaneous leishmaniasis ("dry ulcer")	Leishmaniasis recidivans and viscerotropic leishmaniasis
	L. aethiopica	L. aethiopica	Ethiopia, Kenya, Yemen	Cutaneous leishmaniasis	DCL
New World
Leishmania	L. donovani	L. chagasi*	Latin America	Visceral leishmaniasis
	L. mexicana	L. venezuelensis	Venezuela	Cutaneous leishmaniasis
		L. mexicana	Mexico, Central America, Texas, Oklahoma	Cutaneous leishmaniasis	DCL
		L. amazonensis	Amazon basin, Brazil	Cutaneous leishmaniasis	DCL; has also been associated with viceral leishmaniasis
Viannia	L. braziliensis	L. braziliensis	Latin America	Cutaneous and mucocutaneous leishmaniasis
	L. braziliensis	L. peruviana	Peru and Argentina (highlands)	Cutaneous leishmaniasis
	L. guyanensis	L. guyanensis	Northern Amazon basin, Guyanas	Cutaneous leishmaniasis
	L. guyanensis	L. panamensis	Panama, Costa Rica, Columbia	Cutaneous leishmaniasis

Diffuse cutaneous leishmaniasis: DCL.
Organisms belonging to the subgenus Leishmania develop in the sandfly midgut, whereas organisms belonging to the subspecies Viannia develop in the hindgut.
* L. infantum and L. chagasi are now thought to be the same organism.

Graphic 58861 Version 5.0

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Classification of leishmaniasis