Categories of risk for venous thromboembolism in surgical patients (From the 2004 ACCP Guidelines)

Low risk:

Minor surgery in patients <40 years of age with no additional risk factors present*

Risk of calf DVT: 2 percent

Risk of proximal DVT: 0.4 percent

Risk of clinical PE: 0.2 percent

Risk of fatal PE: <0.01 percent

Moderate risk:

Minor surgery in patients with additional risk factor present*, or

Surgery in patients aged 40 to 60 with no additional risk factor

Risk of calf DVT: 10 to 20 percent

Risk of proximal DVT: 2 to 4 percent

Risk of clinical PE: 1 to 2 percent

Risk of fatal PE: 0.1 to 0.4 percent

High risk:

Surgery in patients >60, or

Surgery in patients aged 40 to 60 with additional risk factor*

Risk of calf DVT: 20 to 40 percent

Risk of proximal DVT: 4 to 8 percent

Risk of clinical PE: 2 to 4 percent

Risk of fatal PE: 0.4 to 1.0 percent

Highest risk:

Surgery in patients >40 with multiple risk factors*, or

Hip or knee arthroplasty, hip fracture surgery, or

Major trauma, spinal cord injury

Risk of calf DVT: 40 to 80 percent

Risk of proximal DVT: 10 to 20 percent

Risk of clinical PE: 4 to 10 percent

Risk of fatal PE: 0.2 to 5 percent

DVT: deep vein thrombosis; PE: pulmonary embolism.
* Additional risk factors include one or more of the following: advanced age, cancer, prior venous thromboembolism, obesity, heart failure, paralysis, or presence of a molecular hypercoagulable state (eg, protein C deficiency, factor V Leiden).

Data from Geerts WH, et al. Chest 2004; 126:338S.

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Categories of risk for venous thromboembolism in surgical patients (From the 2004 ACCP Guidelines)