Causes of lymphocytopenia

Infection

Viral (eg, HIV, SARS, SARS-CoV-2, influenza, measles, hepatitis)

Bacterial (eg, tuberculosis, typhoid fever, brucellosis)

Fungal (eg, histoplasmosis)

Parasitic (eg, malaria)

Congenital immunodeficiency disorders

Iatrogenic

Immunosuppressive agents (eg, glucocorticoids, antilymphocyte globulin, alemtuzumab, rituximab)

Chemotherapy (eg, fludarabine, cladribine), hematopoietic cell transplantation

Radiation therapy (eg, total body irradiation, radiation injury)

Systemic disease

Autoimmune disorders (eg, systemic lupus erythematosus, rheumatoid arthritis, Sjögren syndrome)

Lymphoma

Other malignancies

Sarcoidosis

Kidney failure

Aplastic anemia, pancytopenia

Cushing's syndrome

Other causes

Alcohol abuse

Zinc deficiency

Malnutrition, stress, exercise, trauma

Thoracic duct leak, rupture, diversion

Protein-losing enteropathy

Idiopathic CD4+ lymphocytopenia

HIV: human immunodeficiency virus; SARS: severe acute respiratory syndrome; SARS-CoV-2: SARS coronavirus 2.

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