Version May 2024
| Increased potassium release from cells |
| Pseudohyperkalemia |
| Metabolic acidosis |
| Insulin deficiency, hyperglycemia, and hyperosmolality |
| Increased tissue catabolism |
| Beta blockers |
| Exercise |
| Hyperkalemic periodic paralysis |
| Other |
| Overdose of digitalis or related digitalis glycosides |
| Red cell transfusion |
| Succinylcholine |
| Arginine hydrochloride |
| Activators of ATP-dependent potassium channels (eg, calcineurin inhibitors, diazoxide, minoxidil, and some volatile anesthetics) |
| Reduced urinary potassium excretion |
| Reduced aldosterone secretion |
| Reduced response to aldosterone |
| Reduced distal sodium and water delivery |
| Effective arterial blood volume depletion |
| Acute and chronic kidney disease |
| Other |
| Selective impairment in potassium secretion |
| Gordon's syndrome |
| Ureterojejunostomy |
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