Version May 2024
| Single joint involvement |
| Septic arthritis or osteomyelitis |
| Juvenile idiopathic arthritis |
| Lyme disease in endemic areas |
| Reactive arthritis |
| Hemarthrosis due to trauma, vascular malformation, or bleeding diathesis |
| Malignancies such as acute lymphoblastic leukemia and malignant tumors |
| Benign tumors such as osteoid osteoma, pigmented vilonodular synovitis |
| Multiple joint involvement |
| Acute rheumatic conditions |
| Systemic lupus erythematous |
| Juvenile dermatomyositis |
| Sarcoidosis |
| Sjögren's syndrome |
| Mixed connective tissue disease |
| IgA vasculitis (Henoch-Schönlein purpura) |
| Scleroderma |
| Juvenile idiopathic arthritis |
| Reactive arthritis |
| Lyme disease |
| Malignancy |
| Immunodeficiency-associated arthritis |
| Inflammatory bowel disease-associated arthritis |
| Other |
| Chronic recurrent multifocal osteomyelitis |
| Chronic infantile neurologic cutaneous and arthritis syndrome (CINCA), also known as neonatal-onset multisystem inflammatory disease (NOMID) |
| Prominent systemic features and joint pain |
| Acute rheumatic conditions |
| Systemic lupus erythematous |
| Mixed connective tissue disease |
| Kawasaki disease |
| IgA vasculitis (Henoch-Schönlein purpura) |
| Juvenile dermatomyositis |
| Systemic juvenile idiopathic arthritis |
| Macrophage activation syndrome |
| Systemic vasculitis |
| Malignancy such as neuroblastoma, leukemia |
| Acute rheumatic fever |
| Bacterial infection (tuberculosis, gonococcal infection, Lyme disease, and Brucella infection) |
| Viral infection (Epstein-Barr, parovirus, and hepatitis B) |
| Parasitic infection (malaria) |
| Inflammatory bowel disease-associated arthritis |
| Autoinflammatory disorders |
| Periodic fever syndromes |
| Chronic infantile neurologic cutaneous and arthritis syndrome (CINCA), also known as neonatal-onset multisystem inflammatory disease (NOMID) |
| Cryopyrin-associated periodic syndromes (CAPS) |
| Pain without joint swelling |
| Hip disease |
| Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease |
| Slipped upper femoral epiphysis (slipped capital femoral epiphysis) |
| Benign hypermobility syndrome |
| Inherited metabolic disorders |
| Gaucher disease |
| Sheie disease |
| Osteochondroses |
| Osgood-Schlatter disease |
| Scheuermann disease |
| Idiopathic pain syndromes |
| Growing pains |
| Complex regional pain syndrome |
| Fibromyalgia |
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