UpToDate Lexidrug clinical abbreviations and age group definitions

NOTE: Age group definitions used in UpToDate Lexidrug are provided at the end of this table. Country code definitions used in the "Brand Names: International" field of UpToDate Lexidrug are provided in a separate table available in the international brand names field of each monograph.
Abbreviation	Meaning	Abbreviation	Meaning	Abbreviation	Meaning
Abbreviations, acronyms, and symbols that may be used in UpToDate Lexidrug^*
½NS	0.45% sodium chloride	EEG	Electroencephalogram	NSAID	Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug
5-HT	5-hydroxytryptamine (serotonin)	EF	Ejection fraction	NSF	Nephrogenic systemic fibrosis
AACT	American Academy of Clinical Toxicology	EG	Ethylene glycol	NSCLC	Non-small cell lung cancer
AAP	American Academy of Pediatrics	EGA	Estimated gestational age	NSTEMI	Non-ST-elevation myocardial infarction
AAPC	Antibiotic-associated pseudomembranous colitis	EIA	Enzyme immunoassay	NYHA	New York Heart Association
ABCB1	ATP-binding cassette sub-family B member 1 (also known as P-gP or MDR1)	ELBW	Extremely low birth weight	OA	Osteoarthritis
ABCC2	ATP-binding cassette sub-family C member 2 (also known as MRP2)	ELISA	Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay	OAT	Organic anion transporter
ABCG2	ATP-binding cassette sub-family G member 2 (also known as BCRP)	EPS	Extrapyramidal side effects	OCD	Obsessive-compulsive disorder
ABG	Arterial blood gases	ESR	Erythrocyte sedimentation rate	OCT	Organic cation transporter
ABMT	Autologous bone marrow transplant	ESRD	End stage renal disease	OHSS	Ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome
ABW	Actual body weight	E.T.	Endotracheal	O.R.	Operating room
ACC	American College of Cardiology	EtOH	Alcohol	OTC	Over-the-counter (nonprescription)
ACE	Angiotensin-converting enzyme	FDA	Food and Drug Administration (United States)	PABA	Para-aminobenzoic acid
ACLS	Advanced cardiac life support	FEV₁	Forced expiratory volume exhaled after 1 second	PACTG	Pediatric AIDS Clinical Trials Group
ACOG	American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists	FMO	Flavin-containing monooxygenase	PALS	Pediatric advanced life support
ACT	Activated clotting time	FSH	Follicle-stimulating hormone	PAT	Paroxysmal atrial tachycardia
ACTH	Adrenocorticotrophic hormone	FTT	Failure to thrive	PCA	Patient-controlled analgesia
ADAMTS13 activity	A Disintegrin And Metalloprotease with a ThromboSpondin type 1 motif, member 13 activity	FVC	Forced vital capacity	PCI	Percutaneous coronary intervention
ADH	Antidiuretic hormone	G-6-PD, G6PD	Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase	PCP	Pneumocystis jiroveci pneumonia (also called Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia)
ADHD	Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder	GA	Gestational age	PCWP	Pulmonary capillary wedge pressure
ADI	Adequate daily intake	GABA	Gamma-aminobutyric acid	PD	Parkinson's disease; peritoneal dialysis
AdjBW	Adjusted body weight	GAD	Generalized anxiety disorder	PDA	Patent ductus arteriosus
ADLs	Activities of daily living	GE	Gastroesophageal	PDE-5	Phosphodiesterase-5
ADT	Androgen deprivation therapy	GERD	Gastroesophageal reflux disease	PE	Pulmonary embolism
AED	Antiepileptic drug	GFR	Glomerular filtration rate	PEG tube	Percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy tube
AHA	American Heart Association	GGT	Gamma-glutamyltransferase	P-gP	P-glycoprotein
AHCPR	Agency for Health Care Policy and Research	GI	Gastrointestinal	PHN	Post-herpetic neuralgia
AIDS	Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome	GIST	Gastrointestinal stromal tumor	PICU	Pediatric Intensive Care Unit
AIMS	Abnormal Involuntary Movement Scale	GU	Genitourinary	PID	Pelvic inflammatory disease
ALK	Anaplastic lymphoma kinase	GVHD	Graft versus host disease	PIP	Peak inspiratory pressure
ALL	Acute lymphoblastic leukemia	HAM-A	Hamilton Anxiety Scale	PIRRT	Prolonged intermittent renal replacement therapy
ALS	Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis	HAM-D	Hamilton Depression Scale	PMA	Postmenstrual age
ALT	Alanine aminotransferase (formerly called SGPT)	HARS	HIV-associated adipose redistribution	PMDD	Premenstrual dysphoric disorder
AMA	American Medical Association	Hb	Hemoglobin	PNA	Postnatal age
AML	Acute myeloblastic leukemia	HCAHPS	Hospital Consumer Assessment of Healthcare Providers and Systems	PONV	Postoperative nausea and vomiting
ANA	Antinuclear antibodies	HCM	Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy	PPHN	Persistent pulmonary hypertension of the neonate
ANC	Absolute neutrophil count	Hct	Hematocrit	PPN	Peripheral parenteral nutrition
ANLL	Acute nonlymphoblastic leukemia	HCV	Hepatitis C virus	PROM	Premature rupture of membranes
APL	Acute promyelocytic leukemia	HDL-C	High density lipoprotein cholesterol	PSVT	Paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia
aPTT	Activated partial thromboplastin time	HER2	Human epidermal growth factor receptor 2	PT	Prothrombin time
ARB	Angiotensin receptor blocker	HF	Heart failure	PTH	Parathyroid hormone
ARDS	Acute respiratory distress syndrome	HFA	Hydrofluoroalkane	PTSD	Post-traumatic stress disorder
ASA-PS	American Society of Anesthesiologists - Physical Status (ASA-PS) I: Normal, healthy patient II: Patient having mild systemic disease III: Patient having severe systemic disease IV: Patient having severe systemic disease which is a constant threat to life V: Moribund patient; not expected to survive without the procedure VI: Patient declared brain-dead; organs being removed for donor purposes	HFSA	Heart Failure Society of America	PTT	Partial thromboplastin time
AST	Aspartate aminotransferase (formerly called SGOT)	HIV	Human immunodeficiency virus	PUD	Peptic ulcer disease
ATP	Adenosine triphosphate	HMG-CoA	3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A	PVB	Premature ventricular beats
AUC	Area under the curve (area under the serum concentration-time curve)	HOCM	Hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy	PVC	Polyvinyl chloride
A-V	Atrial-ventricular	HPA	Hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal	PVD	Peripheral vascular disease
AVNRT	Atrioventricular nodal reentrant tachycardia	HPLC	High performance liquid chromatography	PVR	Peripheral vascular resistance
AVRT	Atrioventricular reentrant tachycardia	HSV	Herpes simplex virus	QTc	Corrected QT interval
BCRP	Breast cancer resistance protein	HTC	Hematopoietic cell transplantation	QTc-F	Corrected QT interval - Fridericia
BDI	Beck Depression Inventory	HTN	Hypertension	R	Ringer's injection
BEC	Blood ethanol concentration	HUS	Hemolytic uremic syndrome	RA	Rheumatoid arthritis
BLS	Basic life support	IBD	Inflammatory bowel disease	RAP	Right arterial pressure
BMI	Body mass index	IBS	Irritable bowel syndrome	RDA	Recommended daily allowance
BMT	Bone marrow transplant	IBW	Ideal body weight	REM	Rapid eye movement
BP	Blood pressure	ICD	Implantable cardioverter defibrillator	REMS	Risk evaluation and mitigation strategies
BPD	Bronchopulmonary disease or dysplasia	ICH	Intracranial hemorrhage	RIA	Radioimmunoassay
BPH	Benign prostatic hyperplasia	ICP	Intracranial pressure	RNA	Ribonucleic acid
BPRS	Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale	IDDM	Insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus	RPLS	Reversible posterior leukoencephalopathy syndrome
BSA	Body surface area	IDSA	Infectious Diseases Society of America	RSV	Respiratory syncytial virus
BSEP	Bile salt export pump	IgG	Immune globulin G	SA	Sinoatrial
BUN	Blood urea nitrogen	IM	Intramuscular	SAD	Seasonal affective disorder
CABG	Coronary artery bypass graft	ILCOR	International Liaison Committee on Resuscitation	SAH	Subarachnoid hemorrhage
CAD	Coronary artery disease	INR	International normalized ratio	SBE	Subacute bacterial endocarditis
CADD	Computer ambulatory drug delivery	Int. unit	International unit	SBP	Systolic blood pressure
cAMP	Cyclic adenosine monophosphate	I.O. or IO	Intraosseous	Scr	Serum creatinine
CAN	Canadian	I & O	Input and output	SCLC	Small cell lung cancer
CAPD	Continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis	IOP	Intraocular pressure	SERM	Selective estrogen receptor modulator
CAS	Chemical abstract service	IQ	Intelligence quotient	SGA	Small for gestational age
CBC	Complete blood count	I.T. or IT	Intrathecal	SGOT	Serum glutamic oxaloacetic aminotransferase
CBT	Cognitive behavioral therapy	ITP	Immune thrombocytopenia	SGPT	Serum glutamic pyruvate transaminase
CDC	Centers for Disease Control and Prevention	IUD	Intrauterine device	SI	International System of Units or Systeme international d'Unites
CF	Cystic fibrosis	IUGR	Intrauterine growth retardation	SIADH	Syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion
CFC	Chlorofluorocarbons	IUS	Intrauterine system	SIDS	Sudden infant death syndrome
CGI	Clinical Global Impression	IV	Intravenous	SL	Sodium lactate
CHD	Coronary heart disease	IVH	Intraventricular hemorrhage	SLCO1B1	Solute carrier organic anion transporter family member 1B1
CHF	Congestive heart failure; chronic heart failure	IVP	Intravenous push	SLE	Systemic lupus erythematosus
CI	Cardiac index	IVPB	Intravenous piggyback	SLEDD	Sustained low-efficiency daily diafiltration
CIE	Chemotherapy-induced emesis	JIA	Juvenile idiopathic arthritis	SNRI	Serotonin norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor
C-II	Schedule two controlled substance	JNC	Joint National Committee	SR	Sustained release
C-III	Schedule three controlled substance	JRA	Juvenile rheumatoid arthritis	SRI	Serotonin reuptake inhibitor
C-IV	Schedule four controlled substance	kg	Kilogram	SSKI	Saturated solution of potassium iodide
C-V	Schedule five controlled substance	KIU	Kallikrein inhibitor unit	SSRIs	Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors
CIV	Continuous intravenous infusion	KOH	Potassium hydroxide	STD	Sexually transmitted disease
Cl_cr	Creatinine clearance	LAMM	L-α-acetyl methadol	STEMI	ST-elevation myocardial infarction
CLL	Chronic lymphocytic leukemia	LDH	Lactate dehydrogenase	SUBQ, SubQ	Subcutaneous
C_max	Maximum plasma concentration	LDL-C	Low density lipoprotein cholesterol	SVR	Systemic vascular resistance
C_min	Minimum plasma concentration	LE	Lupus erythematosus	SVT	Supraventricular tachycardia
CML	Chronic myelogenous leukemia	LFT	Liver function test	SWFI	Sterile water for injection
CMV	Cytomegalovirus	LGA	Large for gestational age	SWI	Sterile water for injection
CNS	Central nervous system or coagulase negative staphylococcus	LH	Luteinizing hormone	T½	Half-life
COLD	Chronic obstructive lung disease	LP	Lumbar posture	T₃	Triiodothyronine
COMT	Catechol-O-methyltransferase	LR	Lactated Ringer's solution	T₄	Thyroxine
COPD	Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease	LV	Left ventricular	TB	Tuberculosis
COX	Cyclooxygenase	LVEF	Left ventricular ejection fraction	TC	Total cholesterol
CPK	Creatine phosphokinase	LVH	Left ventricular hypertrophy	TCA	Tricyclic antidepressant
CPR	Cardiopulmonary resuscitation	MAC	Mycobacterium avium complex	TD	Tardive dyskinesia
CRF	Chronic renal failure	MADRS	Montgomery Asbery Depression Rating Scale	TG	Triglyceride
CRP	C-reactive protein	MAO	Monoamine oxidase	TIA	Transient ischemic attack
CrCl	Creatinine clearance	MAOIs	Monamine oxidase inhibitors	TIBC	Total iron binding capacity
CRRT	Continuous renal replacement therapy	MAP	Mean arterial pressure	TMA	Thrombotic microangiopathy
CSF	Cerebrospinal fluid	MDD	Major depressive disorder	T_max	Time to maximum observed concentration, plasma
CSII	Continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion	MDR1	Multidrug resistence protein 1	TNF	Tumor necrosis factor
CT	Computed tomography	MDRD	Modification of diet in renal disease	TPN	Total parenteral nutrition
CVA	Cerebrovascular accident	MDRSP	Multidrug resistant streptococcus pneumoniae	TSH	Thyroid stimulating hormone
CVP	Central venous pressure	MI	Myocardial infarction	TT	Thrombin time
CVVH	Continuous venovenous hemofiltration	MME	Morphine milligram equivalents	UA	Urine analysis
CVVHD	Continuous venovenous hemodialysis	MMSE	Mini mental status examination	UC	Ulcerative colitis
CVVHDF	Continuous venovenous hemodiafiltration	M/P	Milk to plasma ratio	UGT	UDP-glucuronosyltransferase
CYP	Cytochrome	MPS I	Mucopolysaccharidosis I	ULN	Upper limits of normal
D5¼NS	Dextrose 5% in sodium chloride 0.2%	MRHD	Maximum recommended human dose	URI	Upper respiratory infection
D5½NS	Dextrose 5% in sodium chloride 0.45%	MRI	Magnetic resonance imaging	USAN	United States Adopted Names
D5LR	Dextrose 5% in lactated Ringer's	MRP2	Multidrug resistance-associated protein 2	USP	United States Pharmacopeia
D5NS	Dextrose 5% in sodium chloride 0.9%	MRSA	Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus	UTI	Urinary tract infection
D5W	Dextrose 5% in water	MUGA	Multiple gated acquisition scan	UV	Ultraviolet
D10W	Dextrose 10% in water	NAEPP	National Asthma Education and Prevention Program	V_d	Volume of distribution
DBP	Diastolic blood pressure	NAS	Neonatal abstinence syndrome	V_dss	Volume of distribution at steady-state
DEHP	Di(3-ethylhexyl)phthalate	NCI	National Cancer Institute	VEGF	Vascular endothelial growth factor
DIC	Disseminated intravascular coagulation	ND	Nasoduodenal	VF	Ventricular fibrillation
DLco	Pulmonary diffusion capacity for carbon monoxide	NF	National Formulary	VLBW	Very low birth weight
DM	Diabetes mellitus	NFD	Nephrogenic fibrosing dermopathy	VMA	Vanillylmandelic acid
DMARD	Disease modifying antirheumatic drug	NG	Nasogastric	VT	Ventricular tachycardia
DNA	Deoxyribonucleic acid	NHL	Non-Hodgkin lymphoma	VTE	Venous thromboembolism
DSC	Discontinued	NIDDM	Noninsulin-dependent diabetes mellitus	vWD	Von Willebrand disease
DSM-IV	Diagnostic and Statistical Manual	NIOSH	National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health	VZV	Varicella zoster virus
DVT	Deep vein thrombosis	NIH	National Institute of Health	WBC	White blood cell [count]
EBV	Epstein-Barr virus	NKA	No known allergies	WHO	World Health Organization
ECG	Electrocardiogram	NKDA	No known drug allergies	w/v	Weight in volume
ECHO	Echocardiogram	NMDA	N-methyl-d-aspartate	w/w	Weight in weight
eGFR	Estimated glomerular filtration rate	NMS	Neuroleptic malignant syndrome	XR	Extended release
ECMO	Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation	NNRTI	Non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor	YBOC	Yale Brown Obsessive-Compulsive Scale
ECT	Electroconvulsive therapy	NRTI	Nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor	YMRS	Young Mania Rating Scale
ED	Emergency department	NS	Normal saline (0.9% sodium chloride)
Abbreviation	Meaning	Abbreviation	Meaning	Abbreviation	Meaning
Common weights, measures, or apothecary abbreviations that may be used in UpToDate Lexidrug^*
<^¶	Less than	g	Gram	oz^¶	Ounce
>^¶	Greater than	gr^¶	Grain	pc, post cib	After meals
≤	Less than or equal to	gtt	One drop	PM	Afternoon or evening
≥	Greater than or equal to	h	Hour	P.O.	By mouth
ac	Before meals or food	hs^¶	At bedtime	P.R.	Rectally
ad	To, up to	IN^¶	Intranasal	prn	As needed
ad lib	At pleasure	IT^¶	Intrathecal	pulv	A powder
AM	Morning	kcal	Kilocalorie	q	Every
AMA	Against medical advice	kg	Kilogram	qad	Every other day
amp	Ampul	L	Liter	qd^¶	Every day, daily
amt	Amount	liq	A liquor, solution	qh	Every hour
aq	Water	M	Molar	qid	Four times a day
aq. dest.	Distilled water	mcg	Microgram	qod^¶	Every other day
ASAP	As soon as possible	m. dict	As directed	qs	A sufficient quantity
a.u.^¶	Each ear	mEq	Milliequivalent	qs ad	A sufficient quantity to make
bid	Twice daily	mg	Milligram	Rx	Prescription drugs
bm	Bowel movement	microL	Microliter	S.L.	Sublingual
C	Celsius, centigrade	min^¶	Minute	stat	At once, immediately
cal	Calorie	mL^¶	Milliliter	SUBQ, SubQ	Subcutaneous
cap	Capsule	mm	Millimeter	supp	Suppository
cc^¶	Cubic centimeter	mM	Millimole	syr	Syrup
cm	Centimeter	mmHg	Millimeters of mercury	tab	Tablet
comp	Compound	mo	Month	tal	Such
cont	Continue	mOsm	Milliosmoles	tbsp^¶	Tablespoon
d^¶	Day	ng^¶	Nanogram	tid	Three times a day
d/c^¶	Discharge	nmol	Nanomole	tr, tinct	Tincture
dil	Dilute	no.	Number	trit	Triturate
disp	Dispense	noc	In the night	tsp^¶	Teaspoon
div	Divide	non rep	Do not repeat, no refills	u.d.^¶	As directed
dtd	Give of such a dose	NPO	Nothing by mouth	ung	Ointment
Dx	Diagnosis	NV	Nausea and vomiting	v.o.	Verbal order
elix, el	Elixir	O, Oct	One pint	w.a.	While awake
emp	As directed	o.d.^¶	Right eye	x3	Three times
et	And	o.l.	Left eye	x4	Four times
ex aq	In water	o.s.^¶	Left eye	y	Year
F	Fahrenheit	o.u.^¶	Each eye
Age group definitions used in UpToDate Lexidrug (unless otherwise specified within the monograph)
Neonate: 0 to 28 days of age Gestational age (GA)^[1]: Number of weeks from the first day of the mother's last menstrual period (LMP) until birth. For methods of assessing GA (eg, New Ballard score) refer to UpToDate topic review of postnatal assessment of gestational age. Postnatal age (PNA)^[1]: Chronological age since birth. Postmenstrual age (PMA)^[1]: PMA is calculated as gestational age plus postnatal age (PMA = GA + PNA). Preterm neonate^Δ[2]: Neonate born at <37 weeks gestational age. Term neonate^[2]: Neonate born at 37 weeks 0 days to 41 weeks 6 days (average ~40 weeks) gestational age. Infant: >28 days to 1 year of age Children: 1 to 12 years of age Adolescent^◊: 13 to 18 years of age Adult: >18 years of age Older adult (geriatric): ≥65 years of age

NOTE: Country code definitions used in the "Brand Names: International" field of UpToDate Lexidrug are provided in a separate table available in the international brand names field of each monograph.

* Additional abbreviations used and defined within a specific drug monograph or text piece may only apply to that text.

¶ These abbreviations are considered error-prone according to the Institute for Safe Medicine Practices.^[3]

Δ May also be described as premature neonate in some references.

◊ Pregnant, postpartum, or lactating adolescent females are considered within adult information unless otherwise specified.

References:

Engle WA, American Academy of Pediatrics Committee on Fetus and Newborn. Age terminology during the perinatal period. Pediatrics 2004; 114:1362.
Fleischman AR, Oinuma M, Clark SL. Rethinking the definition of "term pregnancy." Obstet Gynecol 2010; 116:136.
The Institute for Safe Medication Practices (ISMP). List of Error-Prone Abbreviations, Symbols, and Dose Designations. Available at: http://www.ismp.org/recommendations/error-prone-abbreviations-list (Accessed on February 15, 2021).

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UpToDate Lexidrug clinical abbreviations and age group definitions