Testing for type 2 diabetes mellitus in asymptomatic children and adolescents

Overweight or obese:

BMI ≥85^th percentile for age and gender

Plus 1 or more of the following additional risk factors*:

Maternal history of diabetes or gestational diabetes mellitus during the child's gestation

Family history of type 2 diabetes mellitus in a first- or second-degree relative

High-risk race/ethnicity (Native American, African American, Latino, Asian American, Pacific Islander)

Signs of insulin resistance on physical examination or conditions associated with insulin resistance (acanthosis nigricans, hypertension, dyslipidemia, polycystic ovary syndrome, or small for gestational age birth weight)

Screening frequency

Begin screening at age 10 years, or at onset of puberty if this occurs when the child is <10 years old

Repeat screening every 3 years, or more frequently if BMI is increasing

BMI: body mass index.

* This criterion was updated as of the 2018 version of the Standards of Medical Care in Diabetes and subsequent updates.

From: American Diabetes Association. Standards of medical care in diabetes--2014. Diabetes Care 2014; 37 Suppl 1:S14. American Diabetes Association, 2014. Copyright and all rights reserved. Material from this publication has been used with the permission of American Diabetes Association. The content within this table is still current as of the 2022 version of the Standards of Medical Care in Diabetes.

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Testing for type 2 diabetes mellitus in asymptomatic children and adolescents