Relationship of GFR, albuminuria, and cause of kidney disease with future outcomes

Outcomes	Kidney measures			Other measures
Outcomes	GFR	Albuminuria	Cause	Other measures
Kidney outcomes
Albuminuria rise	+	+++	+++	HBP
CKD progression (chronic GFR decline)	+	+++	+++	HBP, male sex, Black race, younger age
Acute kidney injury (acute GFR decline)	+++	++		Age, drug exposure, radiographic contrast
Kidney failure	+++	+	+++
Complications
Drug toxicity	+++	+		Drug exposure, liver disease
Metabolic/endocrine	+++	+	+
CVD and mortality	+++	+++	++	Age, history of CVD, CVD risk factors
Other (infection, cognitive impairment, frailty)	++	++	++	Age, comorbid conditions

+ indicates strength of association of kidney measures to current and future outcomes.

GFR: glomerular filtration rate; CKD: chronic kidney disease; HBP: high blood pressure; CVD: cardiovascular disease.

Courtesy of Andrew S Levey, MD.

Graphic 55646 Version 2.0