Risk stratification and management for children with conditions predisposing to accelerated atherosclerosis and early cardiovascular disease

FH: familial hypercholesterolemia; NAFLD: nonalcoholic fatty liver disease; PCOS: polycystic ovary syndrome; HCM: hypertrophic cardiomyopathy; TGA: transposition of the great arteries; CVD: cardiovascular disease; BMI: body mass index; BP: blood pressure; FG: fasting glucose;  HgbA1c: hemoglobin A1c; LDL-C: low-density lipoprotein cholesterol.
* Family history of premature CVD is generally defined as heart attack, treated angina, interventions for coronary artery disease, sudden cardiac death, or stroke in a first-degree relative (parent or sibling) before age 55 (males) or 65 (females).
¶ For details of management of hypertension, dyslipidemia, and other specific conditions listed in this algorithm, refer to separate UpToDate content on these conditions in children.