Polyneuropathy associated with systemic diseases

Systemic disease	Axonal	Demyelinating	Additional comments
Common
Diabetes mellitus	Usually	Sometimes	Can be primary sensory, mixed sensorimotor, or, rarely, pure motor; autonomic involvement often present. Can be acute, subacute, or chronic.
Critical illness	Usually	Rare if ever	Sensorimotor in most cases; can have superimposed myopathy that may add to motor phenotype.
Carcinoma	Usually	Sometimes	Generally sensory greater than motor; autonomic involvement common as well; generally relatively rapidly progressive; sensory neuronopathy can occur. Can occur subacutely or chronically.
Less common
Uremia	Usually	Rare if ever	Sensorimotor with autonomic component.
Connective tissue disease	Usually	Rare if ever	Sensorimotor; chronic.
Hypoglycemia/acute correction of hyperglycemia	Sometimes	Rare if ever	Primary sensory; autonomic component may be present; can occur acutely or subacutely.
Vitamin deficiency (excluding B12)	Usually	Rare if ever	Sensorimotor; autonomic symptoms variably present.
Vitamin B12 deficiency	Usually	Rare if ever	Sensory; generally subacute to chronic.
Chronic liver disease	Rare if ever	Usually	Generally sensory or sensorimotor; chronic.
Malabsorption (sprue, celiac disease)	Sometimes	Rare if ever	Sensory or sensorimotor with possible autonomic involvement; chronic.
HIV infection	Usually	Rare if ever	Primarily sensory; chronic.
Lyme disease	Sometimes	Rare if ever	Sensorimotor often with substantial radicular component; subacute to chronic.
Lymphoma, including Hodgkin	Sometimes	Sometimes	Sensory or sensorimotor; subacute or chronic.
Multiple myeloma, osteosclerotic or solitary plasmacytoma type*	Sometimes	Usually	Sensorimotor; can present subacute or more chronically.
IgA	Usually	Rare if ever	Sensorimotor; chronic.
IgG	Usually	Rare if ever	Sensorimotor; chronic.
IgM	Rare if ever	Usually	Sensorimotor or pure sensory (as in the case of anti-myelin associated glycoprotein neuropathy); subacute or chronic.
Rare
Porphyria (four types)	Usually	Rare if ever	Primarily motor; limited sensory involvement; intermittent and acute or chronic.
Primary biliary cholangitis	Usually	Rare if ever	Primarily sensory; subacute to chronic.
Primary systemic amyloidosis	Usually	Rare if ever	Sensorimotor with prominent autonomic involvement.
Hypothyroidism	Usually	Rare if ever	Sensory; subacute.
Chronic obstructive lung disease	Usually	Rare if ever	Sensory or sensorimotor; chronic.
Acromegaly	Usually	Rare if ever	Sensory; chronic.
Polycythemia vera	Usually	Rare if ever	Sensory; chronic.
Cryoglobulinemia	Usually	Rare if ever	Sensorimotor; subacute.

HIV: human immunodeficiency virus; IgA: immunoglobulin A; IgG: immunoglobulin G; IgM: immunoglobulin M.
* Some cases associated with polyneuropathy, organomegaly, endocrinopathy, monoclonal gammopathy, and skin changes (POEMS) syndrome.

Modified with data from: Fauci AS, Braunwald E, Isselbacher KJ, et al (Eds). Harrison's Principles of Internal Medicine, 14th ed, McGraw-Hill Company, Inc., New York 1998. p.2460.

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Polyneuropathy associated with systemic diseases