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Characteristics of the persistent vegetative state and related conditions

Characteristics of the persistent vegetative state and related conditions
Condition Self-awareness Sleep-wake cycles Experience of suffering Prognosis
Persistent vegetative state Absent Intact No Depends upon cause
Coma Absent Absent No Usually recovery, persistent vegetative state or death in 2 to 4 weeks
Brain death Absent Absent No No recovery
Locked-in syndrome Present Intact Yes Recovery unlikely, persistent quadriplegia with prolonged survival possible
Akinetic mutism Present Intact Yes Recovery very unlikely (depends on cause)
Dementia Present, but lost in late stages Intact Yes, but lost in late stages Irreversible (ultimate outcome depends on cause)
Data from: N Engl J Med 1994; 330:1499.
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