Characteristic | Characteristic probability | Number of patients | Likelihood ratio for malignancy* | |
Malignant nodules | Benign nodules | |||
Size | ||||
0-1 cm | –¶ | –¶ | 1063 | 0.52 |
1.1-2 cm | –¶ | –¶ | 0.74 | |
2.1-3 cm | –¶ | –¶ | 3.67 | |
>3 cm | –¶ | –¶ | 5.23 | |
Edge (chest radiography) | ||||
Ill defined | 0.71 | 0.28 | 152 | 2.51 |
Well defined, lobular | 0.89 | 0.7 | 1.27 | |
Well defined, smooth | 0.11 | 0.3 | 0.36 | |
Tomographic appearance | ||||
Malignant | 0.44 | 0.01 | 238 | 37.2 |
Indeterminate | 0.56 | 0.76 | 0.73 | |
Benign | 0 | 0.23 | 0 | |
Edge (CT) | ||||
Smooth | –¶ | –¶ | 903 | 0.3 |
Lobulated | –¶ | –¶ | 0.74 | |
Irregular/spicular | –¶ | –¶ | 5.54 | |
Calcification at tomography | ||||
Calcified | 0 | 0.34 | 323 | 0 |
Noncalcified | 1 | 0.66 | 1.5 | |
Calcification at CT | ||||
in phantom (benign) | –¶ | –¶ | 1041 | 0.01Δ |
in phantom | –¶ | –¶ | 2.2 | |
Growth rate | ||||
<7 d | 0 | 0.24 | 217 | 0 |
7-465 d | 0.99 | 0.29 | 3.4 | |
>465 d | 0.01 | 0.46 | 0.01 | |
Location | ||||
Upper/middle lobe | 0.74 | 0.61 | 179 | 1.22 |
Lower lobe | 0.26 | 0.39 | 0.66 | |
Maximal cavity wall thickness | ||||
≤4 mm | 0.03 | 0.47 | 123 | 0.07 |
5-15 mm | 0.37 | 0.52 | 0.72 | |
≥16 mm | 0.59 | 0.02 | 37.97 | |
Age | ||||
20-29 y | –¶ | –¶ | 529 | 0.05 |
30-39 y | –¶ | –¶ | 0.24 | |
40-49 y | –¶ | –¶ | 0.94 | |
50-59 y | –¶ | –¶ | 1.9 | |
60-69 y | –¶ | –¶ | 2.64 | |
≥70 y | –¶ | –¶ | 4.16 | |
Smoking history | ||||
Never smoked | 0.06 | 0.33 | 9036 | 0.19 |
Current cigarette smoker | 0.58 | 0.26 | 2.27 | |
Pipe/cigar smoker | 0.08 | 0.08 | 1 | |
Ex-cigarette smoker | 0.24 | 0.26 | 0.92 | |
Ex-pipe/cigar smoker | 0.04 | 0.08 | 0.55 | |
Hemoptysis | 0.09 | 0.02 | 215 | 5.08 |
Previous malignancy | 0.15 | 0.03 | 845 | 4.95 |
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