Common etiologic agents of pediatric pneumonia*

Microbial agent	Susceptible hosts
Bacteria
Chlamydia trachomatis	First 3 months after birth
Mycoplasma hominis	First 3 months after birth
Treponema pallidum	First 3 months after birth
Ureaplasma urealyticum	First 3 months after birth
Staphylococcus aureus	Primarily children <5 years
Streptococcus pyogenes	Primarily children <5 years
Chlamydia pneumoniae	Primarily children ≥5 years
Mycoplasma pneumoniae	Primarily children ≥5 years
Streptococcus pneumoniae	All
Viruses
Respiratory syncytial virus	Primarily children <5 years
Influenza A and B	Primarily children <5 years
Human metapneumovirus	Primarily children <5 years
Parainfluenza viruses 1, 2, and 3	Primarily children <5 years
Coronaviruses (229E C43, NL63, HKU1)	Primarily children <5 years
Adenoviruses	Primarily children <5 years
Rhinovirus	Primarily children <5 years

* Excluding neonatal pneumonia (in infants <28 days of age).

Data from:

Byington CL, Bradley JS. Pediatric community-acquired pneumonia. In: Feigin and Cherry's Textbook of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, 7^th ed, Cherry JD, Harrison GJ, Kaplan SL, et al. (Eds), Elsevier Saunders, Philadelphia 2014. p.283.
Cherry JD, Nadipuram S. Adenoviruses. In: Feigin and Cherry's Textbook of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, 7^th ed, Cherry JD, Harrison GJ, Kaplan SL, et al. (Eds), Elsevier Saunders, Philadelphia 2014. p.1888.
Gaston B. Pneumonia. Pediatr Rev 2002; 23:132.
McIntosh K. Community-acquired pneumonia in children. N Engl J Med 2002; 346:429.
Sandora T, Harper MB. Pneumonia in hospitalized children. Pediatr Clin North Am 2005; 52:1059.

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