Antilymphocyte globulins (T cell depleting antibodies) |
Activation of latent viruses, particularly herpes viruses fever, cytokine release |
Glucocorticoids |
Bacteria, Pneumocystis pneumonia (PCP), molds, activation of hepatitis C and hepatitis B viruses (HBV), poor wound healing |
Azathioprine (antimetabolite that may cause neutropenia) |
Possible role in human papillomavirus infection |
Mycophenolate mofetil (antimetabolite that may cause neutropenia or and/or B cell suppression) |
Early bacterial infections, possible role in late-onset cytomegalovirus (CMV) |
Cyclosporine or tacrolimus (calcineurin inhibitors) |
Increased viral replication, B cell depression, gingival infection, intracellular pathogens |
Rapamycin (mTor inhibitor) |
Excess infections in combination with current agents, idiosyncratic pulmonary syndrome, often with concomitant respiratory pathogens, poor wound healing |
Belatacept (CTLA-4 inhibitor/costimulation blocker) |
Epstein-Barr virus-mediated post-transplant lymphoproliferative disease, increased CMV severity, PCP |
Rituximab (anti-CD20 antibody/B cell-depleting antibody) |
Bacterial and viral infections, particularly reactivation of HBV infection |
Eculizumab (terminal complement system inhibitor) |
Encapsulated organisms including pneumococcus, Haemophilus influenzae, and Neisseria meningitidis |
Plasmapheresis |
Encapsulated bacteria |
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