Comparison of frequency of signs, symptoms, and laboratory findings in TTP, HUS, HELLP, and AFLP

	TTP	HUS	HELLP	AFLP
Abdominal pain	++	++	++	++
*Low ADAMST13* activity**	+/++	–	–/+	?
Anemia	++	++	+	+
Elevated lactic dehydrogenase	++ very high values	++ very high values	++	+/++
Elevated transaminases	–/+	–/+	++	++
Fever	+	–	–	+
Headache or visual disturbance	++	–	++	–/+
Hypertension	+/++	++	++	–
Jaundice	–	–	+	+
Nausea and vomiting	++	++	++	++
Proteinuria	+ and hematuria	++	++	–
Thrombocytopenia	++	++	++	+
von Willebrand factor	++	++	–	?
Hypoglycemia	–	–	–/+	++

TTP: thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura; HUS: hemolytic uremic syndrome; HELLP: hemolysis, elevated liver function tests, low platelets; AFLP: acute fatty liver of pregnancy; +: prevalence of finding in affected patients.

Adapted from:

Stella CL, Dacus J, Guzman E, et al. The diagnostic dilemma of thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura/hemolytic uremic syndrome in the obstetric triage and emergency department: lessons from 4 tertiary hospitals. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2009; 200:381. Original Table 4.
Pourrat O, Coudroy R, Pierre F. Differentiation between severe HELLP syndrome and thrombotic microangiopathy, thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura and other imitators. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol 2015;189:68. Table 1.

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Comparison of frequency of signs, symptoms, and laboratory findings in TTP, HUS, HELLP, and AFLP