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Estimated osmolal concentration of common organic intoxicants

Estimated osmolal concentration of common organic intoxicants
Solvent Concentration (mg/dL) per 1 mosmol/kg elevation in osmolal gap
Ethanol 4.6*[1]
Methanol 3.2
Ethylene glycol 6.2
Acetone 5.8
Isopropanol 6.0
* Although older studies suggested that the osmolal contribution of ethanol was greater than its molecular weight (so that its concentration should be divided by 3.7 rather than 4.6), subsequent data have shown this to be incorrect.
Reference:
  1. Nguyen MK, Song L, Kao L, et al. Is the osmolal concentration of ethanol greater than its molar concentration? Front Med (Lausanne) 2020; 8:306.

Prepared with additional data from:

  • Garrard A, Sollee DR, Butterfield RC, et al. Validation of a pre-existing formula to calculate the contribution of ethanol to the osmolar gap. Clin Toxicol (Phila) 2012; 50:562.

Adapted from: Kulig K, Duffy JP, Linden CH, et al. Toxic effects of methanol, ethylene glycol, and isopropyl alcohol. Top Emerg Med 1984; 6:16.

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