Version June 2024
| Typical findings in BAL | Typical findings in BAL | Drug |
| Cytotoxic reactions | Atypical cells (cytomegaly, cytoplasmic eosinophilia, bizarre cell shape, nuclear hyperchromasia, prominent nucleoli, multinucleation) | Chemotherapeutic agents: bleomycin, methotrexate, nitrosoureas, busulfan, cyclophosphamide |
| Increased eosinophils | ||
| Extracellular lipoproteinaceous debris | ||
| Pulmonary hemorrhage | Hemosiderin-laden alveolar macrophages | D-penicillamine, mineral oil, amphotericin B |
| Red blood cells | ||
| Lymphocytic alveolitis | 40 to 50 percent lymphocytes | Methotrexate, nitrofurantoin, azathioprine, sulfasalazine, cyclophosphamide, amiodarone |
| Increased CD8+ cells suggestive of hypersensitivity reactions | ||
| Decreased CD4+ to CD8+ ratio | BCG therapy, acebutolol, gold salts, propranolol, busulfan, nilutamide, bleomycin, flecainide | |
| Neutrophilic alveolitis | Increased neutrophils | Bleomycin, busulfan |
| Eosinophilic alveolitis | Allergic "eosinophilic" reactions | Nitrofurantoin, penicillin, sulfasalazine, ampicillin, tetracycline, bleomycin, clotrimazole |
| Lipoid pneumonia | Alveolar macrophages contain large empty vacuoles stained by Oil-Red-O | Mineral oil nose-drops or laxatives |
| Thesaurismosis | Accumulation of numerous large lamellar inclusions mainly in alveolar macrophages | Amiodarone |
| Potentially all amphiphilic drugs |
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