| Idiopathic |
| Infections |
Viral - Adenovirus
- Hantavirus
- Hepatitis viruses: A, B, C
- Herpes viruses
- Epstein-Barr
- Varicella-Zoster
- Human T cell leukemia virus (HTLV)-I
- HIV
- Influenza virus
- Parvovirus B19
- Rubella virus
|
Bacterial - Brucella
- Infective endocarditis
- Leprosy
- Lyme disease
- Rickettsia, including Coxiella burnetii (Q fever)
- Poststreptococcal disease
- Syphilis
|
| Fungal |
Parasitic - Echinococcosis
- Leishmaniasis
- Malaria
- Schistosomiasis
- Toxoplasmosis
- Trypanosomiasis
|
| Autoimmune |
Systemic rheumatic diseases - Drug-induced lupus
- Polymyositis
- Rheumatoid arthritis
- Sarcoidosis
- Sjögren's syndrome
- Systemic lupus erythematosus
- Systemic sclerosis
- Systemic vasculitis
- Behçet syndrome
- Immunoglobulin A (IgA) vasculitis (Henoch-Schönlein purpura)
- Kawasaki disease
- Polyarteritis nodosa (+/– hepatitis B)
|
Dermatologic disease - Cold-induced urticaria
- Cutaneous small-vessel vasculitis
- Epidermolysis bullosa acquisita
- Erythema elevatum diutinum
- Erythema multiforme
- Pemphigus vulgaris
- Pyoderma gangrenosum
|
Gastrointestinal disease - Celiac disease
- Crohn disease
- Ulcerative colitis
|
| Paraneoplastic |
- Atrial myxoma
- Bone marrow transplantation
- Lung cancer
- Lymphoproliferative disease
- Leukemia
- Chronic lymphocytic leukemia
- Chronic myeloid leukemia
- Hairy cell leukemia
- Lymphoma: Hodgkin and non-Hodgkin
- Plasma cell disorders
- Dysproteinemias
- Macroglobulinemia, primary or secondary (eg, Waldenström)
- Multiple myeloma
- POEMS syndrome
- Angioimmunoblastic lymphadenopathy
- Kaposi sarcoma
- Mycosis fungoides
- Nasopharyngeal carcinoma
|
| Iatrogenic |
- Bacille Calmette-Guerin administration
- Influenza vaccine
- Pneumococcal vaccine
|
| Familial |
- C4 deficiency
- C3 deficiency
- Factor XIII deficiency
|
| Miscellaneous |
- Cirrhosis
- Biliary, Laënnec, postnecrotic
- Endomyocardial fibrosis
|
