Pelvis: manipulation of the vagina or cervix, bimanual examination, insertion of a vaginal speculum, swabbing the cervix or posterior fornix, or uterine contractions. |
Genitourinary: manipulation of urinary catheters, catheter insertion, catheter obstruction, vesico-ureteral reflux, or renal colic. |
Gastrointestinal: constipation, biliary colic, various gastrointestinal pathologies. |
Dermatologic: decubitus ulcers, temperature variation below the level of the spinal cord lesion such as immersion of feet in cold or hot water, or placement of feet in cold stirrups. |
Other: sexual activity |
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