Renovascular |
Thromboembolism |
Renal artery stenosis |
Mid-aortic coarctation |
Renal venous thrombosis |
Renal artery compression |
Idiopathic arterial calcification |
Congenital rubella syndrome |
Renal parenchymal disease |
Congenital |
Polycystic kidney disease |
Multicystic-dysplastic kidney disease |
Tuberous sclerosis |
Ureteropelvic junction obstruction |
Unilateral renal hypoplasia |
Congenital nephrotic syndrome |
Renal tubular dysgensis |
Acquired |
Acute tubular necrosis |
Cortical necrosis |
Interstitial nephritis |
Hemolytic uremic syndrome |
Obstruction (stones, tumors) |
Pulmonary |
Bronchopulmonary dysplasia |
Pneumothorax |
Cardiac |
Thoracic aortic coarctation |
Endocrine |
Congenital adrenal hyperplasia |
Hyperaldosteronism |
Hyperthyroidism |
Pseudohypoaldosteronism type II |
Medications/intoxications |
Infant |
Dexamethasone |
Adrenergic agents |
Vitamin D intoxication |
Theophylline |
Caffeine |
Pancuronium |
Phenylephrine |
Maternal |
Cocaine |
Heroin |
Neoplasia |
Wilms tumor |
Mesoblastic nephroma |
Neuroblastoma |
Pheochromocytoma |
Neurologic |
Pain |
Intracranial hypertension |
Seizures |
Familial dysautonomia |
Subdural hematoma |
Miscellaneous |
Total parenteral nutrition |
Closure of abdominal wall defect |
Adrenal hemorrhage |
Hypercalcemia |
Traction |
Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation |
Birth asphyxia |
Nephrocalcinosis |
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