Pre-medication |
Hypotension |
Tachycardia/arrhythmias |
Respiratory depression |
Agitation (paradoxical, especially in the elderly) |
Allergy/anaphylactoid reactions |
Nausea and vomiting |
Topical anesthesia |
Laryngospasm |
Bronchospasm |
Seizures |
Arrhythmias/arrest |
Nausea and vomiting |
Methemoglobinemia |
Bronchoscopy |
Epistaxis (with nasal approach) |
Laryngeal spasm/edema/injury |
Hypoxemia |
Arrhythmias |
Fever (approximately 16 percent, 6 percent with infiltrates) |
Bacteremia |
Dissemination of endogenous infection |
Infection (bacterial, mycobacterial, fungal, HIV) |
Biopsy or other procedures |
Bleeding |
Pneumothorax |
Pneumonia |
Broken equipment - foreign body in airway |
Rigid bronchoscopy |
Complications of general anesthesia |
Damage to teeth/oral mucosa/pharynx/glottis |
Perforation of airway/esophagus |
Tracheal fire (with laser) |
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