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Patient education: HELLP syndrome (The Basics)

Patient education: HELLP syndrome (The Basics)

What is HELLP syndrome? — HELLP syndrome is a serious condition some people get when they are pregnant. It can cause pain in the upper belly and other symptoms. Some people with HELLP also have high blood pressure and too much protein in their urine.

HELLP syndrome usually happens in the last 3 months of pregnancy. It can also happen earlier, or even right after pregnancy – 1 or 2 days after the baby is born.

What are the symptoms of HELLP syndrome? — The symptoms include:

Belly pain, especially in the middle or right upper belly

Nausea or vomiting

Feeling sick

How will HELLP syndrome affect my pregnancy and my baby? — HELLP syndrome can be dangerous for you and your baby. It can:

Harm your blood cells and your liver, kidneys, and other organs

Harm your placenta – The placenta is the organ that brings the baby nutrients and oxygen and takes away waste. It might pull away from the uterus before your baby is born. If this happens, your baby might not get all the nutrients and oxygen they need. The placenta pulling away can also cause heavy vaginal bleeding that can be dangerous for you and your baby.

Having HELLP syndrome can make it more likely that your baby will:

Be born early – Being born early can cause babies to have lung, eye, brain, and other problems.

Be small

Is there a test for HELLP syndrome? — Yes. HELLP syndrome causes many changes in the blood. To check for the condition, your doctor or nurse can do a series of blood tests. You might also have other tests, but that is not always necessary.

Should I see a doctor or nurse? — See your doctor or nurse right away if you are pregnant and:

You have belly pain, especially in the middle or right upper belly

You have nausea and vomiting, especially if you also have belly pain

How is HELLP syndrome treated? — When HELLP syndrome develops during pregnancy, the only cure is giving birth to the baby. Doctors usually treat the condition by giving medicines to start labor, even if that means the baby will be born early. In some cases, doctors do a c-section (surgery to get the baby out) instead of giving medicines that cause labor. The risks of having HELLP are worse than the risks of your baby being born early.

Doctors sometimes give people medicines called steroids for 2 days before delivering the baby. These medicines speed up the growth of your baby's lungs so they can breathe more easily after birth. (These are not the same as the steroids some athletes take illegally to build muscle.)

Other treatments might include:

Medicines to control high blood pressure

Medicines to prevent seizures (HELLP is a severe form of a condition called preeclampsia, which can cause seizures)

Blood transfusion, which is when you get blood that has been donated by another person

What if I want to get pregnant again? — If you had HELLP syndrome in 1 pregnancy, you could have it again. You also have a higher chance of getting preeclampsia.

Before you get pregnant again, see your doctor or nurse for a checkup. Talk with your doctor, nurse, or midwife about HELLP syndrome, preeclampsia, and other health conditions that could affect your next pregnancy.

More on this topic

Patient education: Preeclampsia (The Basics)
Patient education: High blood pressure and pregnancy (The Basics)
Patient education: Cesarean birth (The Basics)

Patient education: Preeclampsia (Beyond the Basics)

This topic retrieved from UpToDate on: Feb 02, 2024.
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