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Patient education: Mononucleosis (The Basics)

Patient education: Mononucleosis (The Basics)

What is mononucleosis? — Mononucleosis (or "mono") is a viral infection. It causes fever, sore throat, tiredness, and swelling of the neck glands. Some people call mono "the kissing disease." That's because kissing is 1 of the ways that mono is spread. It usually affects children, teens, and young adults.

How did I get mono? — The virus that causes mono lives in saliva. You can catch it from someone who has mono if you:

Kiss

Share a fork, spoon, or knife

Drink from the same glass

Is there a test for mono? — Yes. A blood test can check for mono. But even if you do have mono, the test might not show the infection during the first 2 weeks of symptoms.

How is mono treated? — There is no cure for mono. But medicines like acetaminophen (sample brand name: Tylenol) or ibuprofen (sample brand names: Advil, Motrin) can relieve the pain and fever that mono causes. If you take these medicines, follow the directions on the label.

Antibiotics do not work on mono.

What can I do to feel better? — Get plenty of rest. Drink enough fluids so that your urine is pale yellow instead of dark yellow. Drinking fluids is really important if you are taking ibuprofen. That's because ibuprofen can cause problems with your kidneys.

When can I go back to work or school? — You can go back to school or work when you feel better. But you might need to avoid sports or other physical activities for at least a month. That's because mono can cause your spleen to become too big (figure 1). When it is too big, it can get damaged during physical activity.

If your spleen gets big when you have mono, avoid physical activity until your doctor or nurse says that you can go back to it.

When will I feel better? — You will probably start to feel better in 1 to 2 weeks. But it can be a month or longer before you feel normal again. Most people get over mono with no lasting problems.

More on this topic

Patient education: Fever in children (The Basics)
Patient education: Sore throat in adults (The Basics)

Patient education: Infectious mononucleosis (mono) in adults and adolescents (Beyond the Basics)

This topic retrieved from UpToDate on: Feb 02, 2024.
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