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Physiologic replacement doses of glucocorticoid medications

Physiologic replacement doses of glucocorticoid medications
Glucocorticoid formulation Physiologic replacement doses
Adults* Children and adolescents
(based on BSA [m2])
Hydrocortisone (oral or IV) 15 to 25 mg/day 8 to 10 mg/m2/day
Prednisolone (oral) 3 to 5 mg/day 2 to 2.5 mg/m2/day
Prednisone (oral) 5 to 7.5 mg/day 2 to 2.5 mg/m2/day
Methylprednisolone (oral or IV) 3 to 5 mg/day 1.6 to 2 mg/m2/day
Dexamethasone (oral or IV) 0.25 to 0.75 mg/day 0.25 to 0.5 mg/m2/day
This table describes the general range of glucocorticoid doses that approximates endogenous cortisol production for each formulation and may be used to guide initial replacement therapy in patients with known or suspected adrenal insufficiency not caused by congenital adrenal hyperplasia. However, there is individual variability in the daily glucocorticoid dose required to prevent adrenal insufficiency and dosing must be adjusted based on individual patient characteristics and drug interactions. Hydrocortisone is generally the preferred formulation for physiologic glucocorticoid replacement in children and adolescents who have not completed linear growth, to minimize growth suppression. When initiating or changing drug therapy, use of a drug interactions program is advised.

BSA: body surface area; IV: intravenous.

* BSA may be used to determine physiologic glucocorticoid dosages in adults, particularly when body size is significantly above or below average. Please refer to UpToDate content on treatment of adrenal insufficiency in adults for further information.

¶ Glucocorticoid doses in children are based on BSA, which is calculated from the child's or adolescent's height and weight using a nomogram or formula. A BSA calculator (Mostellar, square root method) is available in UpToDate.

References:
  1. UpToDate Lexidrug. More information available at https://online.lexi.com/.
  2. Beuschlein F, Else T, Bancos I, et al. European Society of Endocrinology and Endocrine Society joint clinical guideline: Diagnosis and therapy of glucocorticoid-induced adrenal insufficiency. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2024; 109:1657.
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