Version July 2025
ALL: acute lymphoblastic leukemia; AML: acute myeloid leukemia; BP: blast phase; CML: chronic myeloid leukemia; HCT: hematopoietic cell transplantation; KD: kinase domain; Ph: Philadelphia chromosome/t(9;22); TKI: tyrosine kinase inhibitor.
* Intensive treatment like "7+3" (infusional cytarabine plus daunorubicin) or similar regimens, as discussed in related UpToDate material.
¶ Selection of a TKI is based on BCR::ABL1 KD mutation(s), toxicity, comorbidities, and prior TKI therapy (if applicable); TKI choice is not affected by the blast lineage. Rarely, BP that is Ph negative can arise from antecedent CML; such cases should be treated as AML or ALL without a TKI.
Δ High-dose cytarabine or comparable AML-type consolidation therapy may be used.
◊ Selection of an ALL-type regimen (eg, TKI plus chemotherapy, TKI plus blinatumomab) is discussed in related UpToDate material.
§ Consolidation and maintenance therapy like that used for postremission management of Ph-positive ALL.
