Exposure | Pathogen |
Most common pathogens (regardless of exposure) | - Group A Streptococcus (ie, Streptococcus pyogenes)
- Non-group A, beta-hemolytic streptococci (groups B, C, G, and F)
- Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus)
|
Cirrhosis | - Gram-negative bacilli:
- Klebsiella spp
- Escherichia coli
- Vibrio vulnificus and Vibrio parahaemolyticus*
- Aeromonas spp*
|
Splenic or humoral immune dysfunction | - Encapsulated bacteria:
- Streptococcus pneumoniae
- Haemophilus influenzae
|
Neutropenia | - Pseudomonas aeruginosa and other Gram-negative bacilli
- Clostridium spp
- Invasive fungal infections
|
Fresh water (lakes, rivers) | - Aeromonas hydrophila
- Plesiomonas shigelloides
- Edwardsiella tarda
- Pseudomonas aeruginosa
- Shewanella spp
|
Salt water | - Vibrio vulnificus and Vibrio parahaemolyticus
- Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae
|
Shellfish ingestion, especially oysters | - Vibrio vulnificus and Vibrio parahaemolyticus
|
Animal bite | - Pasteurella multocida
- Capnocytophaga canimorsus
- Anaerobic bacteria
|
Human bite | - Eikenella corrodens
- Anaerobic bacteria
- Viridans streptococci
|
Traumatic wound contaminated by soil | - Clostridium spp
- Pseudomonas aeruginosa and other Gram-negative bacilli
- Fungi (eg, mucormycosis)
|
Nail puncture through sneakers | |
Recent travel | - Depends on the location of travel
|