Version June 2024
| Feature | CAE | JAE |
| Age at onset | ||
| Usual | 4 to 10 years | 9 to 13 years |
| Range | 2 to 13; caution if diagnosing at <4 years of age | 8 to 20 years; exceptional cases may present in adulthood |
| Development | Typically normal, but may have learning difficulties or ADHD | Typically normal, but may have learning difficulties or ADHD |
| Absences | ||
| Frequency | At least daily to multiple per day but may be underrecognized by family | Less than daily |
| Duration | Typical duration = 3 to 20 s | Typical duration = 5 to 30 s |
| Impaired awareness | Severe loss of awareness | Less complete impairment of awareness |
| Other seizure types | ||
| Febrile | Occasional | Occasional |
| Generalized tonic-clonic seizure | Rarely precede or occur during period of frequent absences but may occur later with evolution to other IGE syndrome | May precede and commonly occur during the period of frequent absences |
| Myoclonic | Prominent myoclonus exclusionary | Prominent myoclonus exclusionary |
| EEG background | OIRDA in 21% | Normal |
| Interictal epileptiform discharge | ||
| Awake | 2.5 to 4-Hz generalized spike-wave | 3 to 5.5-Hz generalized spike-wave |
| Asleep | Polyspike and wave may be seen in drowsiness and sleep only | Polyspike and wave may be seen in drowsiness and sleep only |
| Irregular generalized spike-wave | Uncommon | More common than CAE Discharges are more frequent than in CAE |
| Photoparoxysmal response | Rare IPS triggers generalized spike-wave in 15 to 21% but does not induce seizures | Rare IPS triggers generalized spike-wave in 25% but does not induce seizures |
| Hyperventilation induction | 87% | 87% |
| Ictal EEG | Regular 3-Hz (range = 2.5 to 4 Hz) generalized spike-wave; 21% may have absences starting at 2.5-Hz spike-wave, and 43% may have absences starting at 4 Hz; if no generalized spike-wave is seen with hyperventilation for 3 min in an untreated patient, CAE can be excluded Disorganized discharges* less frequent | Regular 3 to 5.5-Hz generalized spike-wave If no generalized spike-wave is seen with hyperventilation for 3 min in an untreated patient, JAE can be excluded Disorganized discharges* 8 times more frequent than CAE |
CAE: childhood absence epilepsy; JAE: juvenile absence epilepsy; ADHD: attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder; IGE: idiopathic generalized epilepsy; EEG: electroencephalogram; OIRDA: occipital intermittent rhythmic delta activity; IPS: intermittent photic stimulation.
* Disorganized discharges are defined as either brief (<1 s) and transient interruptions in ictal rhythm or waveforms of different frequency or morphology during the ictal rhythm.آیا می خواهید مدیلیب را به صفحه اصلی خود اضافه کنید؟
