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خرید پکیج

تعداد آیتم قابل مشاهده باقیمانده : 3 مورد

Classification of COPD by etiology ("etiotype")

Classification of COPD by etiology ("etiotype")

COPD etiotype	Description
COPD due to genetic factors (COPD-G)	Alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency Combined effect of multiple common variants
COPD due to abnormal lung development (COPD-D)	Impaired lung maturation, most commonly due to premature birth and low birthweight; poor nutrition in infancy and early childhood may also contribute
COPD due to environmental exposures
Cigarette smoking COPD (COPD-C)	Cigarette smoking or vaping Passive exposure to tobacco smoke
Biomass and pollution exposure (COPD-P)	Exposure to biomass combustion Ambient air pollution, including wildfire smoke Occupational hazard exposures
COPD due to infections (COPD-I)	Early childhood infections; bronchiectasis HIV-associated COPD; tuberculosis-associated COPD
COPD and asthma (COPD-A)	Abnormal lung development associated with childhood asthma; concomitant asthma and COPD
COPD of unknown cause (COPD-U)	Patients without currently known risk factors

A proposed taxonomy for COPD based on etiology. Individually, some patients may have multiple causal factors.

COPD: chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; HIV: human immunodeficiency virus.

Reference:

Celli B, Fabbri L, Criner G, et al. Definition and nomenclature of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: Time for its revision. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2022; 206:1317.

Graphic 140745 Version 1.0

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