ICA: internal carotid artery; MCA: middle cerebral artery; MMD: moyamoya disease; MMS: moyamoya syndrome; TIA: transient ischemic attack; MRA: magnetic resonance angiography; CTA: computed tomography angiography; DSA: digital subtraction angiography; TCD: transcranial Doppler; CT: computed tomography; MRI: magnetic resonance imaging; PET: positron emission tomography; SPECT: single photon emission computed tomography.
* Moyamoya vasculopathy is most frequently bilateral but may be asymmetric or initially unilateral. Vascular changes may also be found infrequently in the posterior circulation (eg, posterior cerebral arteries).
¶ MMS may be caused by several underlying conditions. Refer to the UpToDate topic for additional details on associated conditions.
Δ Evaluations for clinical or imaging progression may be performed every 12 months for asymptomatic patients. Less frequent evaluations may be appropriate for adult patients who remain stable for at least three years. Refer to the UpToDate topic for additional details.آیا می خواهید مدیلیب را به صفحه اصلی خود اضافه کنید؟