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Expected vital signs according to hypothermia stage

Expected vital signs according to hypothermia stage
Vital sign* 35°C 32°C 30°C 28°C 26°C 24°C 22°C 20°C
Respiratory rate, breaths/minute (95% CI) 20 (8-32) 18 (6-30) 17 (5-29) 16 (4-28) 15 (3-27) 14 (2-26) 13 (1-25) 12 (0-24)
Heart rate, beats/minute (95% CI) 82 (35-129) 74 (27-121) 69 (22-116) 64 (17-111) 59 (12-106) 54 (7-101) 49 (2-96) 44 (0-91)
Systolic blood pressure, mmHg (95% CI) 139 (86-192) 126 (73-179) 118 (65-171) 109 (52-162) 100 (47-153) 91 (38-144) 83 (30-136) 74 (21-127)
Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) score (95% CI) 15 (9-15) 13 (7-15) 11 (5-15) 9 (3-15) 8 (3-14) 6 (3-12) 4 (3-10) 3 (3-9)
* Mean vital signs can be used as a guide. Vital signs that fall within the 95% confidence intervals should not necessarily be considered normal for a given core temperature, especially at colder core temperatures.
Adapted with permission from: Pasquier M, Cools E, Zafren K, et al. Vital Signs in Accidental Hypothermia. High Alt Med Biol 2021; 22:142. Copyright © 2021 Mary Ann Liebert, Inc. Publishers.
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