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خرید پکیج
تعداد آیتم قابل مشاهده باقیمانده : -7 مورد

Right heart dysfunction and failure

Right heart dysfunction and failure
Right-sided structural and functional abnormalities on echocardiography
Presence of right ventricular systolic dysfunction
  • TAPSE
 <17 mm
  • RV FAC
 <35%
  • RV S'
 <9.5 cm/s
  • RV FWLS
 >–20% (<20 in magnitude with the negative sign)
  • RIMP (pulsed Doppler)
 >0.43 (pulsed Doppler) or >0.54 (tissue Doppler)
  • 3D RV ejection fraction
 <45%
Signs of right-sided pressure/volume overload
  • Tricuspid regurgitation
  
  • RV basal end-diastolic diameter
 >41 mm
  • RVEDD/LVEDD
 >1.0
  • Septal shift or D-shaped LV in systole and/or diastole
  
  • RV wall thickness
 >5 mm
  • Inferior vena cava diameter
 >21 mm
  • Inferior vena cava collapsibility
 <50%
  • Tricuspid regurgitation peak systolic velocity
 >2.8 m/s
  • Right atrial end-systolic area
 >18 cm2
Clinical evidence of right heart failure
  • Evidence of right-sided structural and/or functional abnormalities (see above), in combination with:
  • Symptoms, eg:
  • Exertional dyspnoea
  • Fatigue
  • Dizziness
  • Ankle swelling
  • Epigastric fullness
  • Right upper abdominal discomfort
  • Signs, eg:
  • Jugular venous distension
  • Peripheral oedema
  • Hepatomegaly
  • Ascites
  • Third heart sound
Echocardiographic cut-off values adapted from the ASE/ESC guidelines.
TAPSE: tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion; RV: right ventricle; FAC: fractional area change; RV S': systolic velocity of the lateral tricuspid valve annulus; FWLS: free wall longitudinal strain; RIMP: right ventricular index of myocardial performance; 3D: 3-dimensional; RVEDD: right ventricular end-diastolic diameter; LVEDD: left ventricular end-diastolic diameter; LV: left ventricular; ASE: American Society of Echocardiography; ESC: European Society of Cardiology.
From: Gorter TM, van Veldhuisen DJ, Bauersachs J, et al. Right heart dysfunction and failure in heart failure with preserved ejection fraction: mechanisms and management. Position statement on behalf of the Heart Failure Association of the European Society of Cardiology. Eur J Heart Fail 2018; 20:16. https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/ejhf.1029. Copyright © 2018 John Wiley & Sons Ltd. Reproduced with permission of John Wiley & Sons Inc. This image has been provided by or is owned by Wiley. Further permission is needed before it can be downloaded to PowerPoint, printed, shared or emailed. Please contact Wiley's permissions department either via email: [email protected] or use the RightsLink service by clicking on the 'Request Permission' link accompanying this article on Wiley Online Library (https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/).
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