Revised Swiss System for hypothermia and risk of cardiac arrest

AVPU: alert, verbal, painful (ie, responds to pain), unconscious; GCS: Glasgow Coma Scale.
* In the Revised Swiss System, "alert" corresponds to a GCS score of 15, "verbal" corresponds to a GCS score of 9 to 14 and includes confused patients, and "painful" and "unconscious" correspond to a GCS score <9. While shivering is not used as a stage-defining sign, its presence usually means that the core temperature is >30°C, a temperature at which hypothermic cardiac arrest is unlikely.
The estimated risk of cardiac arrest is based on accidental hypothermia being the only cause of clinical findings. If other conditions impair consciousness, such as asphyxia, intoxication, high-altitude cerebral edema, or trauma, the Revised Swiss System may falsely predict a higher risk of cardiac arrest. Be cautious with patients who remain "alert" or "verbal" but show signs of hemodynamic or respiratory instability (eg, bradycardia, bradypnea, hypotension); they may be at a transitional stage with a higher risk of cardiac arrest.
¶ No respiration, no palpable carotid or femoral pulse, no measurable blood pressure. Check for signs of life (pulse and, especially, respiration) for up to 1 min.
Δ The transition of colors between stages represents the overlap of patients within groups.