Extended catheter with upper abdominal or presternal exit site

(A) Extended catheter with a presternal exit site.
(B) Extended catheter with an upper abdominal exit site.

Modified from:

Aziz F, Nichols WK. Pre-sternal and extended catheters. In: Surgical Aspects of Peritoneal Dialysis, Haggerty S (Ed), Springer, 2017.
Crabtree JH. Selected best demonstrated practices in peritoneal dialysis access. Kidney Int 2006; 70(Supp):S27.
Crabtree JH. Chapter 9 - Peritoneal access devices, placement techniques, and maintenance. In: Handbook of Dialysis Therapy, 5th ed, Nissenson AR, Fine RN (Eds), Elsevier, 2017. p.97.
Daugirdas JT, Blake PG, Ing TS. Chapter 23. In: Handbook of Dialysis, 5th ed, Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 2014.

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