An approach to cardiac imaging for diagnosis of prosthetic valve endocarditis

Issues related to clinical manifestations, diagnosis and treatment of PVE are discussed further in the text (refer to UpToDate topics on clinical manifestations, diagnosis, and treatment of PVE).
Issues related to diagnosis of PVE and cardiac device infections are discussed in the text (refer to UpToDate topics on PVE and cardiac device infections).

PVE: prosthetic valve endocarditis; TTE: transthoracic echocardiogram; TEE: transesophageal echocardiogram; CTA: electrocardiogram-gated cardiac computed angiography; 18F-FDG PET/CT: 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission computed tomography.
* The diagnosis of PVE should be suspected in patients with history of valve replacement who present with (1) bacteremia with an organism commonly causing PVE, (2) persistent unexplained bacteremia with an organism uncommonly associated with PVE, or (3) persistent nonspecific symptoms (fever, chills, anorexia, weight loss) in the absence of bacteremia.

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An approach to cardiac imaging for diagnosis of prosthetic valve endocarditis