Version May 2024
| Organism | Advantages | Disadvantages | Prominent uses |
| Prokaryotes | Rapid growth Large populations Inexpensive | Unicellular Evolutionary distance from humans | Delineation of cellular pathways |
| Yeasts | Rapid growth Large populations Inexpensive | Unicellular Evolutionary distance from humans | Delineation of cellular pathways Determination of lifespan Determination of cellular morphology |
| C. elegans (roundworm) | Multicellular Allows lineage tracing Inexpensive | Evolutionary distance from humans | Neural development Determination of lifespan Studies of growth |
| Drosophila (fruit fly) | Multicellular Allows lineage tracing Inexpensive | Evolutionary distance from humans Distinct larval, pupal, and adult stages | Body plan organization Simple behaviors |
| Zebrafish | Multicellular Allows lineage tracing Vertebrate Large eggs Inexpensive | Evolutionary distance from humans | Developmental biology Pharmacogenetics |
| Mice | Mammalian Extensive availability of strains and tools | Long generation time Small size Expensive | Specific disease models |
| Rats | Mammalian Extensive availability of strains and tools Large size | Long generation time More limited resources (strains and tools) than for mice Expensive | Specific disease models Preferred organism for physiologic studies |
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