Causes of anemia of chronic disease/anemia of inflammation (ACD/AI)

Causes of ACD/AI – Inflammatory conditions in which cytokine production leads to altered iron trafficking and decreased production of RBCs.

Anemia is expected to improve with treatment of the underlying disorder.

Aging (partial effect)
Autoimmune and autoinflammatory diseases
- Castleman disease
- Inflammatory bowel disease
- Rheumatoid arthritis
- Sarcoidosis
- SLE
- Vasculitis
Congestive heart failure
COPD and pulmonary arterial hypertension
Chronic kidney disease (advanced)
Critical illness or trauma
Hematologic malignancies and other cancers
Infection
- Complicated urinary tract, skin, or skin structure infections
- Endocarditis
- HIV infection
- Other systemic bacterial, parasitic, viral, and fungal infections
- Osteomyelitis
- Pneumonia
- Septicemia
- Tuberculosis
Obesity

The lists provide common examples (listed alphabetically) but are not exhaustive. Refer to UpToDate for details.

ACD: anemia of chronic disease; AI: anemia of inflammation; RBC: red blood cell; SLE: systemic lupus erythematosus; COPD: chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.

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Causes of anemia of chronic disease/anemia of inflammation (ACD/AI)