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تعداد آیتم قابل مشاهده باقیمانده : 3 مورد
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Potential effects associated with lead exposure in adults

Potential effects associated with lead exposure in adults
Blood lead level (mcg/dL) Short-term exposure (days to months) to BLL Long-term exposure (≥1 year) to BLL
<5*
  • Decreased fetal growth during pregnancy¶[1]
  • Dose-related negative impact on cardiovascular mortality and overall mortality¶[2]
  • Decreased glomerular filtration rate¶[1]
  • Decreased fetal growth during pregnancy¶[1]
5 to 9
  • Includes effects noted for BLL <5 mcg/dL AND
  • Possible spontaneous abortion
  • Possible postnatal developmental delay
  • Preeclampsia¶[3]
  • Includes effects noted for BLL <5 mcg/dL AND
  • Possible spontaneous abortion
  • Possible postnatal developmental delay
  • Possible hypertension and kidney dysfunction
  • Increased risk of essential tremor¶[2]
10 to 29
  • Includes effects noted for BLL <10 mcg/dL AND
  • Reduced birth weight
  • Includes effects noted for BLL <10 mcg/dL AND
  • Reduced birth weight
  • Hypertension and kidney dysfunction/nephropathy
  • Possible subclinical neurocognitive deficits
  • Increased cardiovascular mortality¶[1]
30 to 39
  • Includes effects noted for BLL <30 mcg/dL AND
  • Spontaneous abortion
  • Adverse effects on sperm or semen¶[1]
  • Includes effects noted for BLL <30 mcg/dL AND
  • Spontaneous abortion
  • Possible neurocognitive deficits
  • Possible nonspecific symptomsΔ
40 to 59
  • Includes effects noted for BLL <40 mcg/dL
  • Includes effects noted for BLL <40 mcg/dL AND
  • Possible mild abdominal pain
  • Possible mild anemia
60 to 79
  • Includes effects noted for BLL <60 mcg/dL AND
  • Nonspecific symptomsΔ
  • Neurocognitive deficits
  • Sperm abnormalities
  • Includes effects noted for BLL <60 mcg/dL AND
  • Subclinical peripheral neuropathy
  • Neurocognitive deficits
  • Sperm abnormalities
  • Anemia
  • Colic
  • Possible gout
≥80
  • Includes effects noted for BLL <80 mcg/dL AND
  • Encephalopathy
  • Anemia
  • Colic
  • Includes effects noted for BLL <80 mcg/dL AND
  • Peripheral neuropathy
  • Gout

BLL: blood lead level.

* The low BLLs in this population may represent on-going exposures or lead being mobilized from chronic bone stores that had accrued previously.

¶ This is an UpToDate clinical suggestion.

Δ Nonspecific symptoms may include headache, fatigue, sleep disturbance, anorexia, constipation, arthralgia, myalgia, and decreased libido.

The layout of this table has been condensed from the original version to combine duplicate risks across blood lead levels. Adapted from Environmental Health Perspectives with permission from the authors: Kosnett MJ, Wedeen RP, Rothenberg SJ, et al. Recommendations for medical management of adult lead exposure. Environ Health Perspect 2007; 115:463. Copyright © 2007.

Additional information from:
  1. US Department of Health and Human Services: National Toxicology Program. Health effects of low-level lead. Available at: https://ntp.niehs.nih.gov/whatwestudy/assessments/noncancer/completed/lead/index.html (Accessed on October 24, 2019).
  2. Lanphear BP, Rauch S, Auinger P, et al. Low-level lead exposure and mortality in US adults: a population-based cohort study. Lancet Public Health 2018; 3:e177.
  3. Poropat AE, Laidlaw MAS, Lanphear B, et al. Blood lead and preeclampsia: A meta-analysis and review of implications. Environ Res 2018; 160:12.
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