| Infection to be prevented | First-line regimen | Alternative regimens |
| Pneumocystis jirovecii | Sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim: - Infants >4 weeks of age and children: 5 mg/kg/day orally in 2 divided doses, 3 days/week (based on TMP; maximum 160 mg per dose, 320 mg per day)
- Adults and adolescents with normal renal function: 160 mg (based on TMP) daily or 3 days/week, or 80 mg (based on TMP) daily
| Dapsone: - Infants and children: 2 mg/kg/dose orally once daily (maximum daily dose: 100 mg/day)
- Adults: 100 mg once daily or 50 mg twice daily
Atovaquone: - 1 to 3 months: 30 mg/kg orally once daily
- 4 to 24 months: 45 mg/kg orally once daily
- >24 months: 30 mg/kg orally once daily
- Adolescents ≥13 years and adults: 1500 mg orally once daily
Pentamidine: - Children <5 years: 9 mg/kg (maximum dose: 300 mg/dose) inhalation per nebulizer once every 4 weeks
- Children >5 years, adolescents and adults: 300 mg inhalation per nebulizer once every 4 weeks
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| Staphylococcus spp, gram negative spp | Sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim: - Infants >4 weeks of age and children: 5 mg/kg/day orally in 2 divided doses (based on TMP; maximum 160 mg per dose, 320 mg per day)
- Adolescents and adults: 160 mg (based on TMP) daily or twice daily
| Amoxicillin:* - Children: 10 to 20 mg/kg per day as a single dose or divided twice daily (maximum dose 875 mg per day)
- Adolescents and adults: 875 mg twice daily
Ciprofloxacin:*¶ - Children: 10 mg/kg/dose twice daily (maximum dose 500 mg)
- Adults: 500 mg twice daily
Amoxicillin and clavulanate:* - Children: 20 mg/kg per day as a single dose or divided twice daily (maximum dose 875 mg per day, based on amoxicillin)
- Adolescents and adults: 875 mg daily (based on amoxicillin)
|
| Mycoplasma spp, Streptococcus spp | Azithromycin: - Children: 5 to 10 mg/kg/dose orally 3 times weekly (maximum dose of 250 mg)
- Adolescents and adults: 250 mg orally 3 times weekly
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| Non-tuberculous mycobacteria | Azithromycin: - Children: 20 mg/kg/dose orally once weekly (maximum dose 1200 mg weekly but may be given as 600 mg twice per week if higher doses cause nausea)
- Adolescents and adults: 1200 mg weekly but may be given as 600 mg twice per week if higher doses cause nausea
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| Aspergillus spp | Itraconazole: - Children: 5 mg/kg/day orally daily (maximum dose 200 mg)
- Adolescents and adults: 200 mg orally daily
| Voriconazole:Δ - ≤50 kg: 8 mg/kg/dose orally twice daily (maximum dose 350 mg)
- >50 kg: 4 mg/kg/dose orally twice daily (maximum dose 200 mg)
|
| Candida spp | Fluconazole: - Children: 6 mg/kg orally daily (maximum dose 400 mg)
- Adolescents and adults: 400 mg orally once daily
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| HSV/VZV | Acyclovir: - Children <40 kg: 600 mg/m2/dose orally 4 times per day
- Children >40 kg: 800 mg orally 4 times per day
- Adults: 800 mg orally twice daily
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| CMV | Valganciclovir: - Children 1 month to 16 years old: once daily oral dose (mg) = 7 × body surface area × creatinine clearance
- Adolescents ≥17 years and adults with normal renal function: 900 mg orally once daily
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