Stepwise management of elevated ICP in patients with severe TBI (Glasgow Coma Scale <9)

ICP: intracranial pressure; TBI: traumatic brain injury; CPP: cerebral perfusion pressure; PbtO₂: brain tissue oxygen; pO₂: partial pressure of oxygen; pCO₂: partial pressure of carbon dioxide; RASS: Richmond Agitation-Sedation Scale; CSF: cerebrospinal fluid; CT: computed tomography; FiO₂: fraction of inspired oxygen.
* If advanced monitoring available.