Adverse reactions to intra-arterial injection of various agents^[1-6]

Drug	Effect
Aminophylline	Tissue damage
Amiodarone	Ischemia
Amphetamines	Ischemia, tissue damage
Amphotericin	Tissue damage
Atracurium	Ischemia
Barbiturates (thiopental)	Ischemia, necrosis, tissue damage
Benzodiazepines	Tissue damage
Buprenorphine	Cyanosis
Calcium chloride/gluconate	Tissue damage
Chlordiazepoxide	Vasospasm
Chlorpromazine	Ischemia, necrosis
Erythromycin	Tissue damage
Ketamine	Necrosis
Mannitol (10% and 20%)	Tissue damage
Metoclopramide	Ischemia, necrosis
Opiates	Ischemia, tissue damage
Parenteral nutrition	Tissue damage
Penicillin	Tissue damage
Phenytoin	Ischemia, necrosis, tissue damage
Potassium chloride	Tissue damage
Promethazine	Ischemia, necrosis
Propofol	Hyperemia, distal "blanching"
Prostaglandins	Tissue damage
Non-depolarizing muscle antagonists (atracurium, rocuronium)	Ischemia
Sodium bicarbonate	Tissue damage
Sodium chloride >0.9%	Tissue damage
Vancomycin	Tissue damage
Vasoconstrictors (epinephrine, dopamine, norepinephrine, vasopressin)	Tissue damage

References:

Arquilla B, Gupta R, Gernshiemer J, et al. Acute arterial spasm in an extremity caused by inadvertent intra-arterial injection successfully treated in the emergency department. J Emerg Med 2000; 192:139.
Devulapalli C, Han KD, Bello RJ, et al. Inadvertant intra-arterial drug injection in the upper extremity: systematic review. J Hand Surg Am 2015; 40:2262.
Foret AL, Bozeman AP, Floyd III WE. Necrosis caused by intra-arterial injection of promethazine: case report. J Hand Surg 2009; 34:919.
Ghouri AF, Mading W, Prabaker K. Accidental intraarterial drug injections via intravascular catheters placed on the dorsum of the hand. Anesth Analg 2002; 95:487.
Lake C, Beecroft CL. Extravasation injuries and accidental intra-arterial injection. Continuing Education in Anaesthesia Critical Care & Pain 2010; 10:109.
Righini M, Angelli, lo-Scherrer A, Gueddi S, et al. Management of severe ischemia of the hand following intra-arterial injection. Thromb Haemost 2005; 4:219.

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Adverse reactions to intra-arterial injection of various agents[1-6]