Classifications of the histological phenotypes involved in gastric carcinogenesis, each listing the categories in order of increasing risk of malignancy

Vienna	Revised Vienna	Japanese Diagnostic Framework for Forceps Biopsy	WHO (2019)
Category 1: Negative for dysplasia	Category 1: Negative for dysplasia	Group 1: Normal/non-neoplastic	Negative for dysplasia/IEN
Category 2: Indefinite for dysplasia	Category 2: Indefinite for dysplasia	Group 2: Indefinite for neoplasia	Indefinite for dysplasia/IEN
Category 3: Noninvasive low-grade neoplasia (low-grade adenoma/dysplasia)	Category 3: Low-grade adenoma/dysplasia	Group 3: Adenoma	Low-grade dysplasia/IEN (low-grade adenoma/dysplasia)
Category 4: High-grade neoplasia Category 4.1: High-grade adenoma/dysplasia Category 4.2: Noninvasive carcinoma Category 4.3: Suspicious for invasive carcinoma	Category 4: High-grade neoplasia Category 4.1: High-grade adenoma/dysplasia Category 4.2: Noninvasive carcinoma Category 4.3: Suspicious for invasive carcinoma	Group 4: Suspicious for carcinoma	High-grade dysplasia/IEN (high-grade adenoma/dysplasia)
	Category 4.4: Intramucosal carcinoma	Group 5: Carcinoma (noninvasive or invasive)
Category 5: Invasive neoplasia Category 5.1: Intramucosal carcinoma			Intramucosal invasive neoplasia (intramucosal carcinoma)

IEN: intraepithelial neoplasia; WHO: World Health Organization.

Adapted from Digestive System Tumours: WHO Classification of Tumours, 5th ed, Vol. 1, WHO Classification of Tumours Editorial Board, Tumours of the stomach, pages 59-110. Copyright © 2019 International Agency for Research on Cancer. https://publications.iarc.fr/Book-And-Report-Series/Who-Classification-Of-Tumours/Digestive-System-Tumours-2019 (Accessed on January 10, 2025).

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