Version May 2024
| Model | Characteristics and limitations |
| Gail model 2 (BRCAT)[1] | Considers nongenetic risk factors such as age at menarche, first term birth, and biopsy history, including atypical hyperplasia. Not appropriate for females with DCIS, LCIS, prior chest radiation due to Hodgkin lymphoma, or for females with BRCA 1/2 mutations. |
| Does not consider family history beyond first-degree relatives with breast cancer. It does not factor in any other cancers or any paternal relatives with cancer. | |
| Calculates 5-year and lifetime invasive breast cancer risk. | |
| Breast cancer surveillance consortium Risk Calculator[2] | Considers age, race, family history of breast cancer in a first-degree relative, breast biopsy history, and mammographic breast density. |
| Does not consider family history beyond first-degree relatives with breast cancer. It does not factor in any other cancers or any paternal relatives with cancer. | |
| Calculates 5- and 10-year invasive breast cancer risk. | |
| Tyrer-Cuzick (IBIS)[3] | Considers nongenetic risk factors such as age at menarche, first term birth, biopsy history, height and weight, age at menopause, etc. |
| Considers a family history of breast and ovarian cancer beyond first-degree relatives. | |
| Although it considers the contributions of other low-penetrance genes to breast cancer risk,[4] some evidence suggests it overestimates the risk of subsequent breast cancer, except in those with personal or family history of BRCA 1/2 mutations.[5] | |
| Not used in patients with a history of breast cancer. | |
| Often predicts breast cancer risks that are higher than other mathematic models. | |
| Calculates 10-year and lifetime invasive breast cancer risk and the risk of carrying a BRCA 1/2 mutation. | |
| Breast and Ovarian Analysis of Disease Incidence and Carrier Estimation Algorithm (BOADICEA, now called CanRisk)[6] | Considers age, BMI, alcohol consumption, number of children and age at first birth, mammographic breast density, personal cancer history, results of genetic testing (if available), and family history. |
| BRCAPRO (part of CancerGene)[7] | Considers race, Ashkenazi Jewish ancestry, as well as extensive family history of breast, ovarian, and other cancers and constructs a pedigree. |
| Considers history of oophorectomy and bilateral oophorectomy. | |
| Contains the Chen-Gail model, which estimates breast cancer risk on Gail model factors plus weight and mammographic density; however, this model is not well validated.[8] | |
| Assumes that BRCA 1/2 mutations account for all hereditary breast and ovarian cancers.[7,9] | |
| In the highest-risk families (eg, with multiple cases of ovarian cancer and early breast cancer), the model may generate high residual risks for carrying a BRCA mutation (ie, the chance of carrying an undetected pathogenic variant). Thus, it may generate high risks for primary or contralateral breast cancer and ovarian cancer, even with an uninformative negative result. | |
| Calculates probability of having a BRCA 1/2 mutation. |
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