Version May 2024
| Grade | Findings | Estimated incidence (%) |
| 0 | Asymptomatic – Radiographic superior vena cava obstruction in the absence of symptoms | 10 |
| 1 | Mild – Edema in head or neck (vascular distention), cyanosis, plethora | 25 |
| 2 | Moderate – Edema in head or neck with functional impairment (mild dysphagia, cough, mild or moderate impairment of head, jaw, or eyelid movements, visual disturbances caused by ocular edema) | 50 |
| 3 | Severe – Mild or moderate cerebral edema (headache, dizziness), mild/moderate laryngeal edema, or diminished cardiac reserve (syncope after bending) | 10 |
| 4 | Life-threatening – Significant cerebral edema (confusion, obtundation), significant laryngeal edema (stridor), or significant hemodynamic compromise (syncope without precipitating factors, hypotension, renal insufficiency) | 5 |
| 5 | Fatal – Death | <1 |
آیا می خواهید مدیلیب را به صفحه اصلی خود اضافه کنید؟
