Nonbenzodiazepine | Clinical use* | Preparations | Adult dose (initial)¶ | Adult dose (max) | Dose in older adults (≥65 years) | Half-life (hours) | Potential for drug interactionsΔ |
Eszopiclone | Sleep onset or sleep maintenance insomnia | Tablet | 1 mg | 3 mg | 1 to 2 mg | Intermediate (6) | Moderate Eszopiclone is metabolized in part by CYP3A4 |
Zaleplon | Sleep onset insomnia | Capsule | 5 mg | 20 mg | 5 mg | Short (1) | Low |
Zolpidem | Sleep onset or sleep maintenance insomnia | Tablet, sublingual tablet (5 mg or 10 mg), capsule (7.5 mg), oral liquid (5 mg per spray) | Males 5 to 10 mg Females 5 mg | 10 mg | 5 mg | Short (1.4 to 4.5) | Low to moderate Zolpidem is metabolized in part by CYP3A4 Metabolized more slowly by females, particularly with age |
Zolpidem extended release | Sleep onset or sleep maintenance insomnia | Coated tablet | Males 6.25 to 12.5 mg Females 6.25 mg | 12.5 mg | 6.25 mg | Intermediate (1.6 to 4◊) | |
Zolpidem middle of the night (fast-acting, low dose) | Sleep maintenance insomnia (middle of the night) | Sublingual tablet (1.75 mg or 3.5 mg) | Males 3.5 mg Females 1.75 mg | 3.5 mg | 1.75 mg | Short (1.4 to 4.5) | |
Zopiclone (not available in the United States) | Sleep onset or sleep maintenance insomnia | Tablet | 3.75 mg | 7.5 mg | 3.75 mg | Intermediate (5 to 7) | Moderate Zopiclone is metabolized by CYP2C8 and 3A4 |
* Appropriate clinical uses may differ from the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved indication(s) for a given drug.
¶ Initiate treatment using lowest dose shown for those with low body weight, debilitated patients, and those receiving treatment with opioid analgesics or other central nervous system or cardiorespiratory depressants.
Δ For specific drug interactions, including management recommendations and combinations that should be avoided, use the drug interactions program included with UpToDate.
◊ Duration of effect longer than predicted by half-life due to sustained release.آیا می خواهید مدیلیب را به صفحه اصلی خود اضافه کنید؟