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EULAR Sjögren's syndrome disease activity index (ESSDAI)[1]

EULAR Sjögren's syndrome disease activity index (ESSDAI)[1]
Domain Exclusion(s) and notes Activity level Description
Constitutional Exclusion of fever of infectious origin and voluntary weight loss No = 0 Absence of the following symptoms
Low = 3 Mild or intermittent fever (37.5 to 38.5°C)/night sweats and/or involuntary weight loss of 5 to 10% of body weight
Moderate = 6 Fever (>38.5°C)/night sweats and/or involuntary weight loss of >10% of body weight
Lymphadenopathy and lymphoma Exclusion of infection No = 0 Absence of the following features
Low = 4 Lymphadenopathy ≥1 cm in any nodal region or ≥2 cm in inguinal region
Moderate = 8 Lymphadenopathy ≥2 cm in any nodal region or ≥3 cm in inguinal region, and/or splenomegaly (clinically palpable or assessed by imaging)
High = 12 Current malignant B-cell proliferative disorder
Glandular Exclusion of stone or infection No = 0 Absence of glandular swelling
Low = 2 Small glandular swelling with enlarged parotid (≤3 cm), or limited submandibular (≤2 cm) or lacrimal swelling (≤1 cm)
Moderate = 4 Major glandular swelling with enlarged parotid (>3 cm), or important submandibular (>2 cm) or lacrimal swelling (>1 cm)
Articular Exclusion of osteoarthritis No = 0 Absence of currently active articular involvement
Low = 2 Arthralgias in hands, wrists, ankles, and feet accompanied by morning stiffness (>30 minutes)
Moderate = 4 1 to 5 (of 28 total count) synovitis
High = 6 ≥6 (of 28 total count) synovitis
Cutaneous Rate as "no activity" stable long-lasting features related to damage No = 0 Absence of currently active cutaneous involvement
Low = 3 Erythema multiforme
Moderate = 6 Limited cutaneous vasculitis, including urticarial vasculitis, or purpura limited to feet and ankles, or subacute cutaneous lupus
High = 9 Diffuse cutaneous vasculitis, including urticarial vasculitis, or diffuse purpura, or ulcers related to vasculitis
Pulmonary Rate as "no activity" stable long-lasting features related to damage or respiratory involvement not related to the disease (tobacco use, etc) No = 0 Absence of currently active pulmonary involvement
Low = 5

Persistent cough due to bronchial involvement with no radiographic abnormalities on radiography

or

Radiologic or HRCT evidence of interstitial lung disease with no breathlessness and normal lung function test
Moderate = 10 Moderately active pulmonary involvement, such as interstitial lung disease shown by HRCT with shortness of breath on exercise (NYHA II) or abnormal lung function tests restricted to DLCO <70% and ≥40% or FVC <80% and ≥60%
High = 15 Highly active pulmonary involvement, such as interstitial lung disease shown by HRCT with shortness of breath at rest (NYHA III, IV) or with abnormal lung function tests: DLCO <40% or FVC <60%
Renal Rate as "no activity" stable long-lasting features related to damage and renal involvement not related to the disease. If biopsy has been performed, please rate activity based on histologic features first. No = 0 Absence of currently active renal involvement with proteinuria <0.5 g/day, no hematuria, no leukocyturia, no acidosis, or long-lasting stable proteinuria due to damage
Low = 5 Evidence of mild active renal involvement, limited to tubular acidosis without renal failure or glomerular involvement with proteinuria (between 0.5 and 1 g/day) and without hematuria or renal failure (GFR ≥60 mL/minute)
Moderate = 10 Moderately active renal involvement, such as tubular acidosis with renal failure (GFR <60 mL/minute) or glomerular involvement with proteinuria between 1 and 1.5 g/day and without hematuria or renal failure (GFR ≥60 mL/minute) or histologic evidence of extramembranous glomerulonephritis or important interstitial lymphoid infiltrate
High = 15 Highly active renal involvement, such as glomerular involvement with proteinuria >1.5 g/day or hematuria or renal failure (GFR <60 mL/minute), or histologic evidence of proliferative glomerulonephritis or cryoglobulinemia-related renal involvement
Muscular Exclusion of weakness due to glucocorticoids No = 0 Absence of currently active muscular involvement
Low = 6 Mild active myositis shown by abnormal EMG, MRI, or biopsy with no weakness and creatine kinase (CK ≥ULN and ≤2x ULN)
Moderate = 12 Moderately active myositis confirmed by abnormal EMG, MRI, or biopsy with weakness (maximal deficit of 4/5) or elevated creatine kinase (CK >2x ULN and ≤4x ULN)
High = 18 Highly active myositis shown by abnormal EMG, MRI, or biopsy with weakness (deficit ≤3/5) or elevated creatine kinase (>4x ULN)
PNS Rate as "no activity" stable long-lasting features related to damage or PNS involvement not related to the disease No = 0 Absence of currently active PNS involvement
Low = 5

Mild active PNS involvement, such as pure sensory axonal polyneuropathy shown by NCS or trigeminal (V) neuralgia

Proven small fiber neuropathy
Moderate = 10

Moderately active PNS involvement shown by NCS, such as axonal sensorimotor neuropathy with maximal motor deficit of 4/5, pure sensory neuropathy with presence of cryoglobulinemic vasculitis, ganglionopathy with symptoms restricted to mild/moderate ataxia, inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy (CIDP) with mild functional impairment (maximal motor deficit of 4/5 or mild ataxia)

or

Cranial nerve involvement of peripheral origin (except trigeminal [V] neuralgia)
High = 15 Highly active PNS involvement shown by NCS, such as axonal sensorimotor neuropathy with motor deficit ≤3/5, peripheral nerve involvement due to vasculitis (mononeuritis multiplex, etc), severe ataxia due to ganglionopathy, inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy (CIDP) with severe functional impairment (motor deficit ≤3/5 or severe ataxia)
CNS Rate as "no activity" stable long-lasting features related to damage or CNS involvement not related to the disease No = 0 Absence of currently active CNS involvement
Moderate = 10 Moderately active CNS features, such as cranial nerve involvement of central origin, optic neuritis or multiple sclerosis-like syndrome with symptoms restricted to pure sensory impairment or confirmed cognitive impairment
High = 15 Highly active CNS features, such as cerebral vasculitis with cerebrovascular accident or transient ischemic attack, seizures, transverse myelitis, lymphocytic meningitis, multiple sclerosis-like symptoms with motor deficit
Hematologic

For anemia, neutropenia, and thrombocytopenia, only autoimmune cytopenia must be considered

Exclusion of vitamin or iron deficiency, drug-induced cytopenia
No = 0 Absence of autoimmune cytopenia
Low = 2

Cytopenia of autoimmune origin with neutropenia (ANC >1000 and <1500/mm3) and/or anemia (hemoglobin >10 and <12 g/dL) and/or thrombocytopenia (platelets >100,000 and <150,000/mm3)

or

Lymphopenia (lymphocytes >500 and <1000/mm3)
Moderate = 4

Cytopenia of autoimmune origin with neutropenia (ANC ≥500 and ≤1000/mm3) and/or anemia (hemoglobin ≥8 and ≤10 g/dL) and/or thrombocytopenia (platelets ≥50,000 and ≤100,000/mm3)

or

Lymphopenia (lymphocytes ≤500/mm3)
High = 6 Cytopenia of autoimmune origin with neutropenia (ANC <500/mm3) and/or anemia (hemoglobin <8 g/dL) and/or thrombocytopenia (platelets <50,000/mm3)
Biologic   No = 0 Absence of any of the following biologic features
Low = 1 Clonal component and/or hypocomplementemia (low C4 or C3 or CH50) and/or hypergammaglobulinemia or high IgG level between 16 and 20 g/L
Moderate = 2 Presence of cryoglobulinemia and/or hypergammaglobulinemia or high IgG level >20 g/L, and/or recent-onset hypogammaglobulinemia or recent decrease of IgG level (<5 g/L)
EULAR: European League Against Rheumatism; HRCT: high-resolution computed tomography; NYHA: New York Heart Association classification; DLCO: diffusing capacity of the lung for carbon monoxide; FVC: forced vital capacity; GFR: glomerular filtration rate; EMG: electromyogram; MRI: magnetic resonance imaging; CK: creatine kinase; ULN: upper limit of normal; PNS: peripheral nervous system; NCS: nerve conduction studies; CIDP: chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy; CNS: central nervous system; ANC: absolute neutrophil count; C4: complement component 4; C3: complement component 3; CH50: hemolytic complement test; IgG: immunoglobulin G.
Adapted with permission from: Seror R, Ravaud P, Bowman SJ, et al. EULAR Sjögren's syndrome disease activity index: Development of a consensus systemic disease activity index for primary Sjögren's syndrome. Ann Rheum Dis 2010; 69(6):1103-9. Copyright © 2010 BMJ Publishing Group Ltd.
Updated with information from:
  1. Seror R, Bowman SJ, Brito-Zeron P, et al. EULAR Sjögren's syndrome disease activity index (ESSDAI): A user guide. RMD Open 2015; 1e000022.
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