Host characteristics | Common uropathogens |
Normal host | - Escherichia coli
- Other gram negatives (eg, Klebsiella spp, Proteus spp, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Enterobacter spp)
- Enterococcus
- Schistosoma haematobium (hemorrhagic cystitis in children in Africa and the Middle East)
|
Underlying GU abnormality | - Bladder dysfunction with no recent antibiotic exposure:
- Bladder dysfunction with recent antibiotic exposure:
- Resistant E. coli
- Non-E. coli uropathogens
- Other underlying abnormalities:
- E. coli
- Klebsiella spp
- Enterobacter spp
- P. aeruginosa
|
Indwelling bladder catheter | - P. aeruginosa
- Candida albicans
- Staphylococcus epidermidis
|
Sexually active female | - E. coli
- Other gram negatives
- Staphylococcus saprophyticus
- Trichomonas vaginalis
|
Immune-compromised host | - Enteric pathogens
- Gram positives (eg, Enterococcus)
- Viruses
- Yeast
- Adenovirus (hemorrhagic cystitis; HCT and SOT recipients)
- BK and JC polyomaviruses (hemorrhagic cystitis; HCT and SOT recipients)
|